Parenting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Parenting - Coursework Example In my local park, I did made observations of how different parents interacted with their children. Some did this really well, while others did this poorly. There were two major incidences of parent-child interactions, which struck me the most. One was a case of good parent-child interaction, and the other was one of a poor parent-child interaction. In the first instance in my local park, there was a mother and his son. This was a boy, who was close to seven years of age, while his mother seemed to be in her early thirties. These two were relaxing, lying down, after having had some fun in the park. At some point, the young boy saw another family eating ice cream, so he asked his mother to buy ice cream for the two of them too. The mother ignored, but the boy persisted to ask her. This angered his mother, and she started yelling at the young boy. â€Å"You want ice cream, you are already fat, and ugly like your daddy. You want to get fatter and uglier? Do not be a loser, like your dad dy. And please, leave your mommy alone, she needs some peace.† The boy covered his face immediately, and started crying, calling her mother. This gave me the impression that the mother was interacting inappropriately with her son. Yelling at the young boy, calling him fat and ugly, and comparing the young boy to his father, was so wrong for a mother to do to her young son. In the second scenario, I observed a father and his daughter, having some good father-daughter time. The daughter was about five years of age, beautiful and playful. The father appeared to be in his late twenties. These two were playing around, laughing, and generally having fun. Suddenly, the young girl saw an airplane up in the sky. She stopped running and told her dad how much she loved planes, and that she wanted to fly one in future. The father smiled at her broadly, and told her that she was as smart as him and her mother, and that he will support her fully, to ensure she achieves her dream of being a pilot. â€Å"You are a smart girl, and nothing can stop you from achieving your dreams in life,† the father told his daughter. The little girl was impressed, and hugged her father, thanking him, and telling him how he is the best father in the world. This was a beautiful thing to me, and I thought that this was a perfect father-daughter interaction. When I become a parent, I will interact with my child on different levels and in various situations. The people, who will observe me interacting with my child, will judge me differently. I am thinking of a scenario where I am at the mall with my child, doing some shopping. Maybe I have bought my baby some candy, but she insists on having more. I refuse to grant her wish by not buying her more candy. When she starts crying in the mall, I calm her down, and explain to her why too much candy is not healthy for her. I give her the health risks of too much candy and other sweet snacks, and junk food in general. She then cools down, and we get out of the mall, without her having the number of candies she wanted. In this case, people who would have observed us would have different views and judgment of how I treated my daughter. Some would think that as a parent, I did the right thing by denying my daughter more candy, because of its health risks. To them, this means I want the best for my daughter, and that I care much about her health, and well-being. On the other hand, some would consider me a mean parent. To them, a parent should not make

Genghis Khan :: essays research papers

From the high, windswept Gobi came one of history's most famous warriors. He was a Mongolian nomad known as Genghis Khan. With his fierce, hard-riding nomad horde, he conquered a huge empire that stretched through Asia from the Yellow Sea to the Black Sea. Genghis Khan was born on the Gobi, in a yurt, or felt tent, on a bank of the Onon River in northern Mongolia. His father, Yesukai, was the chief of several desert tribes and had just slain a foe named Temujin. In triumph Yesukai named his newborn son Temujin. Yesukai died when Temujin was about 13 years old. The boy succeeded him, but the fierce, restless nomads would not obey so young a chieftain. The chief of another tribe proclaimed himself leader of the Mongols and captured Temujin. Guards forced Temujin into a kang, a wooden yoke that shackled his shoulders and wrists. In the dark he slowly twisted himself to reach above a guard and smashed the kang down on his head. Then Temujin ra Temujin's bold courage and resourcefulness began to win followers. When he reached manhood, he conquered the Tatars and added them to his tribes. In 1203 he defeated the Keraits. Seizing their cities of mud and stone, he made Karakorum his capital. In 1206 a council of his tribes named him Genghis Khan. It means "greatest of rulers, emperor of all men." Genghis Khan then put all his Mongolian realm under Yassa, a body of laws he assembled from various tribal codes. These laws demanded obedience to Genghis Khan, unity of the tribes, and pitiless punishment of wrongdoers. Through Yassa, Genghis Khan achieved the discipline that welded his wild tribesmen into merciless, successful armies. On his march of conquest Genghis Khan overran North China from 1208 to 1215.

Company Analysis Johnson And Johnson Essay

Internationalization Overview It was the joint efforts of three brothers, Robert Wood Johnson, Edward Wood Johnson and Edward Mead Johnson that lead to the inception of Johnson & Johnson in 1886 at New Brunswick, New Jersey. Even today the company strongly follows the Credo, which was formulated by its founder Robert Wood Johnson as philosophy that guides their business. It is a multinational firm established in 60 countries with over 275 companies over the world and is mainly diversified in three different fields namely Consumer Healthcare, Medical Devices & Diagnostics and Pharmaceuticals. Johnson & Johnson has an asset of $131.19 billion. (jnj.com) With all the companies that it owns, it comprises as the largest and the most diverse medical devices and Diagnostics Company, the sixth largest consumer health company, sixth largest pharmaceuticals company, and the sixth largest biologics company. The company has been driven by innovation from their inception. One of their first products was a first aid kit for treating small injuries, which could be used by anyone. The use of child care products was introduced by them in 1894, which is highly successful till date. It was in the year 1924 that Johnson & Johnson started their internationalization, expanding their operations to the United Kingdom. This was extremely successful expansion and it added a great boost to the company’s growth. This carved a path for further expansion internationally into British colonies like South Africa in 1930 and Australia in 1931 and neighbouring country of Mexico in 1930.With the Robert Wood Johnson II taking the leadership of the company he changed the company’s Global strategy and made the company as a decentralized family of companies. Their operations were further expanded into Argentina and Brazil in 1937 flowed by the formation of Ortho Research Laboratories Inc. and Ethicon Inc. in New Jersey. In 1957 they established their operations in India, the first expansion into Asia. In the 1959 there were many acquisitions by the company, McNeil Laboratories in Fort Washington, United States, Cilag AG in Switzerland followed by acquisition of Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1961, it was considered one of the most innovative firm then. (jnj.com) In the late 70’s and 80’s Johnson & Johnson enters into new health care markets such as diabetes management, vision care and mechanical closure of wounds. This created the possibilities for more expansion, and they entered into China and Egypt. The late 90’s was followed by a series of acquisitions; some of them were Centocor, Cordis Corporation, Kodak’s Clinical Diagnostics and Neutrogena Corporation. The expansion into Eastern European market and Russia was a major move. In 2002 they acquired Tibotec-Virco, a firm which helps patients with non curable diseases such as Tuberculosis and AIDS. A major acquisition was Pfizer Consumer Healthcare in 2006. The main goal for them was to follow their Credo, which has been immensely successful. The internationalization strategy was to adapt to changing global markets and basically decentralize their operations. This was what mate them Strengthen their Global Presence. Most of their international expansion was through large acquisitions of established firms. Their steady growth shows how they have captured markets all over the world. They use mainly use adaptation strategy, hence they are focused on the particular target market and have different methods of operations in  different markets. Network Analysis With over 275 companies under one roof Johnson & Johnson group of companies is one of the largest in the world. The Data sets provided gives us a clear idea of how the network is connected from the parent to its subsidiaries. The main objective is to identify how the main subsidiaries are connected to the parent. (Fig. 1) Subsidiaries The above figure depicts the layout of how the main subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson are connected. Generally nodes with higher centrality measures cannot be considered as main subsidiary, hence a series of analysis is done on the identified subsidiaries using network analysis techniques. The main subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson are different in each scope of their diversified areas. The Consumer Health Segment is under Johnson & Johnson brand name and they are established in more than 60 countries and are having individual ties with each country and they have their own presence by themselves without any strategic tie ups. However, the administration and finance department seem to have many ties with subgroups within the organization as well as external sources. The Pharmaceutical segment is also one of the largest networks, with Janssen Pharmaceutica which is their main subsidiary. As a main subsidiary, they operate with a number of companies under this banner. Cilag which is also a big company is under the Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Crucell which is a firm developing vaccine is also under the Janssen group. Galapagos which is a joint venture between Crucell and Tibotec deals with the research and development in pharmaceutical industry and is a major contributor to the innovations achieved by Janssen Pharmaceutical. The Medical Devices & Diagnostics segment is the largest and the most diverse  segment in the world. Johnson & Johnson have one of the biggest companies in terms or Research and development under this segment. Some of their subsidiaries are Animas Corporation, Cordis Corporation, Depuy Synthes companies of Johnson & Johnson, Ethicon, Ethicon Endo Surgery, Janssen Diagnostics, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, mentor and Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics. Most of these are directly connected to the parent firm, but they also seem to have feeble ties within themselves. The comparison of different centrality measures such as Degree, Betweenness, Eigenvector, Closeness and other analysis such as Density, K-cores, Structural Holes, and subgroup division Algorithms like Girvan-Newman, Fractions will help us identify how the parent subsidiary network is formed. Density The complete network Density or the Average Matrix Value is 0.003 for the given data set. The Standard Deviation of the Density is 0.058 and the average weighted degree is 1.278 Centrality Measures Degree (Fig. 2) Degree Centrality The above figure shows the degree of each node with respect to its size, the highest degree is Johnson & Johnson with 119 ties, followed by Indaver with 30 ties Indaver BV with 18ties, Cilag Holdings AG with 17 ties, Johnson & Johnson management limited with 16 ties, Johnson & Johnson International Finance with 15, Synthes Holdings AG with 14 and Crucell N.V. with 12. Indaver has higher degrees than the subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, though it is not its subsidiary. Janssen pharmaceutical is one of the share holder with Indaver, which provides them with waste management solutions, they have helped them to cut CO2 emission by 270 tonnes annually (Indaver Sustainability Report, 2013).The main subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson have  also higher degree centrality. The labelled nodes were identified to have the higher degree. Eigen vector (Fig 3) Eigenvector Centrality Eigen vector centrality is measured with respect to the connectivity of nodes with higher degrees. This is effective in helping to identify firms with more social importance or higher level firms such as management and operations level. The key observations from this centrality are that all the nodes they represent the Main subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson, have higher eigenvector values, as they had connectivity to nodes with higher degrees, Cilag, Depuy Synthes, Crucell, Janssen Pahrmaceutica, Ethicon, Apsis, all of them have higher eigenvectors as they are the main subsidiaries and are connected with nodes with higher degree. Betweenness (Fig 4) Betweeness Betweeneess represents the nodes that are involved in linking major nodes to lesser connected nodes, thereby making a strong coordination within a network. This identifies the nodes of the network that are bridges between the stronger and the weaker connected nodes. The analysis from fig 4. implies that companies such as Adimmune Corporation, Taiwan Biotech, Indaver, Galapagos , Janssen Pahrmaceutica, Crucell , have very high betweenness and are majorly involved in coordination of work between firms. Closeness (Fig 5) Closeness The closeness determines how close the next node is to the main node, hence  the nodes at the periphery of the network are more closer to the next node inside the network. The nodes with lesser closeness are more harder to be reached for any communication. Fig. 5 shows the different closeness of each node. Nodes of higher degree were not really close to each subset of nodes. Nodes with higher betweenness had proportional farness, which mean they had very low closeness. The lower closeness nodes were mostly the major subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson. Network Cohesiveness K- Core Analysis The K-core analysis identifies nodes of a network that are more connected to other nodes in other parts of the network. The analysis provided us with three k values 1, 2 and 3. This is helpful to identify the core network which is more important than the other nodes. (Fig 6) K-Core Analysis In the above figure the nodes in re have a k value of 1. These nodes are mainly in the periphery of the network and are lesser connected to the main network, the sub nodes connected to them have degree 1. (Fig 7) K-Core Analysis with k value 2 These nodes in fig. 2 have a k value of 2, these are mainly the nodes which bridge the main core to the other network. The labelled nodes are the subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson which are in the sub-core. (Fig 8) K-Core Analysis with k value 3 The above figure show the core network of the organization, these nodes are more connected the main node that the others with their connected nodes having higher degrees than others. Hence the labelled nodes are the major  nodes that are involved in the functioning of the organization. The observations of the k-core analysis are that the subsidiary such as Cilag, Ethicon, OMJ pharmaceuticals, Depuy, forms the major core of the organization. The main core also consists of investor management firm, which helps the organisation fund innovations that are much needed for the growth of the company. Turnbull Investment Company plays an important role in handling investments of Johnson & Johnson. Sub Group Analysis Girvan-Newman Algorithm This algorithm helps in sorting out different community of structures within a network that forms a cohesive sub group. The main objective is to identify different subgroups in a large network by removing important nodes and leaving only the sub group intact. Fig. 9 clearly shows the division of subgroups that having different colour. Indaver , Adimmune Corporation, Prime Oil Service Corporation, Taiwan Biotech Co. Ltd., these are external companies that have ties ups or technology sharing with Johnson & Johnson. Other Subgroups that are divided are subsidiaries of Johnson & Johnson, some of them are Janssen Pharmaceutica, Synthes Inc., Crucell N.V., Johnson & Johnson Holding Gmbh, Johnson & Johnson Financial Services Company, Johnson And Johnson Management Limited. These firms form the major subgroup in the network. (Fig 9) Girvan Newman Algorithm Factions The Factions sub grouping is another method to find the subgroups within a network. Here again we are able to input the number of groups to be divided.  An estimate of 38 clusters could give an idea of how many major subgroups that existed in the network. Fig 10 shows the outcome of the factions sub grouping. (Fig 10) Factions From the analysis and the network datasets, the parent Network is Identifies as Johnson & Johnson, and some of the major subsidiaries are Janssen Pharmaceutica, Cilag, Depuy Synthes, Animas Corporation, Apsis, Mcneil Products, Crucell, Ethicon, Ethicon Endo surgery, Cordis Corporation, Mentor. Implications of the network structure on the innovation activity Johnson & Johnson has been a firm driven by innovation since its inception. As the outcomes of innovation influences the lives of many people Johnson & Johnson has managed to reach its products 175 countries. From the network structure it is evident that subsidiary firms are maintained with independent operations and the operations of the firms is decentralized. Pharmaceutical companies owned by them are independent by themselves for any innovations involved. They don’t seem to have influence on the other subsidiary firms. Firms such as Apsis, Ethicon, Ethicon Endo, Depuy, Synthes, have innovation activity of their own and are developing their own products, and do not reply upon other firms which are owned by Johnson & Johnson. These firms that deal with Medical Devices and Diagnostics are specific upon their product line and are bound to deliver their targets. Almost all the firms in this segment have Research and Development facilities of their own and do not rely on other investments from external sources. Many joint ventures within its network of subsidiaries have been beneficial for Johnson & Johnson, like Depuy Synthes, the collaboration between them has given birth to subsidiaries like Depuy Spine, Depuy Mitek, Depuy Orthopaedics, and Depuy Products. This shows the strength of Johnson & Johnson as the largest and the most diverse organization in the world. The Pharmaceutical segment which is under Janssen Pharmaceutica, has some firms like, Crucell, Cilga, and McNeill. These companies carry out innovations on their own as well. But they tend to have a collaborated structure within them and they are bound to share technologies with external firms outside their network, In order to share risks and benefits. Crucell have a technology sharing strategy with Adimmune Corporation. Whereas Janssen Pharmecutica are dependent on Indaver for waste management solutions. There are many benefits of collaborations and technology sharing. Johnson & Johnson is a firm with high collaborations within their firms, different companies within their firms have self sustainable resources to develop alliances with other firms, this allows them to grow to a higher potential than the parental firm. This has been the major reason for the vast expansion of Johnson & Johnson into many markets. Scope for further improvement in Innovation As there is no end for innovation the firms has been actively involved in various innovation programs that currently changing the trends in the world. One of the simplest innovations that changed the world was the Band-Aid. It just changed the way people have been treating wounds. The list of innovated products by Johnson & Johnson is vast. They are a firm which are totally depended upon innovation. Technology sharing within the companies within the firm must be initiated within all firms to enhance the ties within partnering firms. As on date they are the Sixth largest Consumer healthcare company, Their Target must be to become the number one company in the world. Only inventing more products will help them reach their target. Setting up more Research and Development programmes in underdeveloped countries will help in opening up new ventures for the firm, as well as then targeted area. Then development of vaccines for new virus that have been identified can be implemented. Viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Swine Flu, and Bird Flu are on the  rise, Johnson & Johnson must capitalize these opportunities and innovate new vaccines for cure. Hence the pharmaceutical companies must take combined efforts to make the firm strengthen its capacity. Diabetes is believed to be increasing in the younger population, hence controlling drugs and prevention methods or early diagnostics can be innovated. Setting up Innovation center in local market will help in bringing up more innovations into the firm, as only local people will understand the need of the local market. This could help them to leapfrog their position as to become the number one Consumer Healthcare Company. References Books: Borgatti, S., Everett, M. and Johnson, J. (2013). Analyzing social networks. Los Angeles [i.e. Thousand Oaks, Calif.]: SAGE Publications. Websites: Adimmune.com.tw, (2015). [online] Available at: http://www.adimmune.com.tw/eng/goods.php?catId=5 [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. antwerpes + partner, w. (2015). Fields of Activity – Cilag AG. [online] Cilag.ch. Available at: http://www.cilag.ch/en/about-us/fields-of-activity/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. antwerpes + partner, w. (2015). History – Cilag AG. [online] Cilag.ch. Available at: http://www.cilag.ch/en/about-us/history/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. antwerpes + partner, w. (2015). Portrait – Cilag AG. [online] Cilag.ch. Available at: http://www.cilag.ch/en/about-us/portrait/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. Cordis.com, (2015). Global Home | Cordis | cordis. [online] Available at: http://www.cordis.com/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. Credo. (2015). [online] Available at: http://www.jnj.com/sites/default/files/pdf/jnj_ourcredo_english_us_8.5x11_cmyk.pdf [Accessed 5 Mar. 2015]. Crucell.com, (2015). Crucell’s history. [online] Available at: http://crucell.com/history [Accessed 5 Mar. 20 15].

Homeschooling Vs Public Schools Are Two Forms Of Education...

Homeschooling and public schools are two forms of education in America. Both types of education have their similarities as well as their differences. Statistics show that â€Å"about 3 percent of the school-age population was homeschooled in the 2011–12 school year† (http://nces.ed.gov/FastFacts/display.asp?id=91). Statistics also show that, â€Å"In fall 2015, about 50.1 million students will attend public elementary and secondary schools. Of these, 35.2 million will be in prekindergarten through grade 8 and 14.9 million will be in grades 9 through 12† (http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372). Homeschooling and public schools are the same in a few ways, including the same courses are being taught and they are a form of education. They are different in schedules, extracurricular activities, and differ in number of staff. From the results of statistics, it is clear that both forms of education are actively in use. Whether more children attend public scho ol, or are homeschooled, there are a few similarities and differences between them. Homeschooling and public schools have a small amount of similarities. Both forms of schooling share the same courses as well as being educated. Homeschoolers and students who attend public schools have to learn the same subjects. Whether you are in public school or homeschooled, you will have to complete â€Å"four English’s, three Mathematic classes, three sciences, three social studies, two arts or humanities, and one physical education classes toShow MoreRelatedHome School Vs. Public School1125 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Dolnick English 102 20 July 2015 Home School vs. Public School School traditions in the United States are changing rapidly and nowadays many parents consider home education to be a more suitable option for their children. Though homeschooling was not popular in previous decades, it is now winning supporters back. 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Biography of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Supreme Court Justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born Joan Ruth Bader on March 15, 1933) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was first appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1980 by President Jimmy Carter, then to the Supreme Court by President Bill Clinton in 1993, taking the oath of office on August 10, 1993. After former Justice Sandra Day OConnor, Ginsburg is the second-ever female justice to be confirmed to the court. Along with justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, she is one of only four female justices ever to be confirmed. Fast Facts: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Full Name: Joan Ruth Bader GinsburgNickname: The Notorious RBGOccupation: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesBorn: March 15, 1933 in Brooklyn, New YorkParents’ Names: Nathan Bader and Celia Amster BaderSpouse: Martin D. Ginsburg (deceased 2010)Children: Jane C. Ginsburg (born 1955) and James S. Ginsburg (born 1965)Education: Cornell University, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, B.A. in government 1954; Harvard Law School (1956-58); Columbia Law School, LL.B. (J.D.) 1959Published Works: Harvard Law Review Columbia Law Review â€Å"Civil Procedure in Sweden† (1965), â€Å"Text, Cases, and Materials on Sex-Based Discrimination† (1974)Key Accomplishments: First female member of the Harvard Law Review, American Bar Associations Thurgood Marshall Award (1999) Generally considered part of the court’s moderate-to-liberal wing, Ginsburgs decisions reflect her support of gender equality, workers’ rights and constitutional separation of church and state. In 1999, the American Bar Association gave her its coveted Thurgood Marshall Award for her years of advocacy for gender equality, civil rights, and social justice. Early Years and Education Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York, during the height of the Great Depression. Her father, Nathan Bader, was a furrier, and her mother, Celia Bader, worked in a clothing factory. From watching her mother forego high school in order to put her brother through college, Ginsburg gained a love for education. With the constant encouragement and help of her mother, Ginsburg excelled as a student at James Madison High School. Her mother, who had so greatly influenced her early life, died from cancer the day before her graduation ceremony. Ginsburg continued her education at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi at the top of her class with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government in 1954. Later the same year, she married Martin Ginsburg, a law student she met at Cornell. Soon after their marriage, the couple moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where Martin was stationed as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserve. While living in Oklahoma, Ginsburg worked for the Social Security Administration, where she was demoted for being pregnant. Ginsburg put her education on hold to start a family, giving birth to her first child, Jane, in 1955. Law School In 1956, after her husband’s completion of his military service, Ginsburg enrolled at Harvard Law School as one of only nine women in a class with over 500 men. In a 2015 interview with the New York Times, Ginsburg recalls being asked by the Dean of Harvard Law, â€Å"How do you justify taking a spot from a qualified man?† Though embarrassed by the question, Ginsburg offered the tongue-in-cheek response, â€Å"My husband is a second-year law student, and it’s important for a woman to understand her husband’s work.† In 1958, Ginsburg transferred to Columbia University Law School, where she earned her Bachelor of Laws degree in 1959, tying for first in her class. Over the course of her college years, she became the first woman to be published in both the prestigious Harvard Law Review and Columbia Law Review. Early Legal Career Not even her excellent academic record made Ginsburg immune to the overt gender-based discrimination of the 1960s. In her first attempt to find work out of college, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter refused to hire her as his law clerk because of her gender. However, aided by a forceful recommendation from her professor at Columbia, Ginsburg was hired by U.S. District Judge Edmund L. Palmieri, working as his law clerk until 1961. Offered jobs at several law firms, but dismayed by finding them always to be at a much lower salary than those offered to her male counterparts, Ginsburg chose to join the Columbia Project on International Civil Procedure. The position required her to live in Sweden while doing research for her book on Swedish Civil Procedure practices. After returning to the States in 1963, she taught at Rutgers University Law School until accepting a full professorship at Columbia University Law School in 1972. In route to becoming the first tenured female professor at Columbia, Ginsburg headed the Women’s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In this capacity, she argued six women’s rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court from 1973 to 1976, winning five of them and setting legal precedents that would lead to significant changes in the law as it affects women. At the same time, however, Ginsburg’s record shows that she believed the law should be â€Å"gender-blind† and ensure equal rights and protections to persons of all genders and sexual orientations. For example, one of the five cases she won while representing the ACLU dealt with a provision of the Social Security Act that treated women more favorably than men by granting certain monetary benefits to widows but not to widowers. Judicial Career: Court of Appeals and Supreme Court On April 14, 1980, President Carter nominated Ginsburg to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. With her nomination confirmed by the Senate on June 18, 1980, she was sworn in later the same day. She served until August 9, 1993, when she was officially elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court. Ginsburg was nominated as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by President Clinton on June 14, 1993, to fill the seat vacated by the retirement of Justice Byron White. As she entered her Senate confirmation hearings, Ginsburg carried with her the American Bar Association’s Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary’s â€Å"well qualified† rating—its highest possible rating for prospective justices.  Ã‚   In her Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, Ginsburg declined to answer questions about the constitutionality of some issues on which she might have to rule as a Supreme Court justice, such as the death penalty. However, she did confirm her belief that the Constitution implied an overall right to privacy, and clearly addressed her constitutional philosophy as it applied to gender equality. The full Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 96 to 3 on August 3, 1993, and she was sworn in on August 10, 1993. Official Supreme Court Portrait of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Public Domain Supreme Court Record Over the course of her tenure on the Supreme Court, some of Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s written opinions and arguments during deliberations on landmark cases have reflected her lifelong advocacy for gender equality and equal rights. United States v. Virginia (1996): Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that the previously male-only Virginia Military Institute could not deny admission to women based solely on their gender.Olmstead v. L.C. (1999): In this case involving the rights of female patients confined in state mental hospitals, Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that under Title II of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), persons with mental disabilities have the right to live in the community rather than in institutions if medically and financially approved to do so.Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. (2007): Though she voted in the minority in this case of gender-based wage discrimination, Ginsburg’s passionate dissenting opinion moved President Barack Obama to press Congress to pass the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, overturning the Supreme Court’s 2007 ruling by making it clear that the time period allowed for the filing of proven claims of pay discrimination based on gender, race, national origin, age, religion, or disability may not be limited. As the first law signed by President Obama, a framed copy of the Lilly Ledbetter Act hangs in Justice Ginsburg’s office.Safford Unified School District v. Redding (2009): While she did not write the majority opinion, Ginsburg is credited with influencing the Court’s 8-1 ruling that a public school had violated the Fourth Amendment rights of a 13-year-old female student by ordering her to strip to her bra and underpants so that she could be searched for drugs by school authorities.Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Ginsburg is considered to have been instrumental in influencing the Court’s 5-4 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that ruled same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states. For years, she had shown her support for the practice by officiating same-sex marriages and by challenging arguments against it while the case was still in the appellate c ourts. Since being seated on the Court in 1993, Ginsburg has never missed a day of oral argument, even while undergoing treatment for cancer and following her husbands death. In January 2018, shortly after President Donald Trump released a list of his potential Supreme Court nominees, the then 84-year-old Ginsburg silently signaled her intent to remain on the Court by hiring a full set of law clerks through 2020. On July 29, 2018, Ginsburg stated in an interview with CNN that she planned to serve on the Court until age 90. â€Å"I’m now 85,† Ginsburg said. â€Å"My senior colleague, Justice John Paul Stevens, he stepped down when he was 90, so think I have about at least five more years.†Ã‚   Cancer Surgery (2018) On December 21, 2018, Justice Ginsburg underwent surgery for the removal of two cancerous nodules from her left lung. According to the Supreme Court press office, there â€Å"was no evidence of any remaining disease,† following the procedure performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. â€Å"Scans performed before surgery indicated no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body. Currently, no further treatment is planned,† stated the court, adding, â€Å"Justice Ginsburg is resting comfortably and is expected to remain in the hospital for a few days.†Ã‚  The nodules were discovered during tests Ginsburg underwent in relationship to a fall that fractured three of her ribs on Nov. 7. On December 23, just two days after the surgery the Supreme Court reported that Justice Ginsburg was working from her hospital room. During the week of January 7, 2019, Ginsburg failed to attend oral arguments for the first time in her 25 years on the bench of the Supreme Court. However, the Court reported on January 11 that she would return to work and would need no further medical treatment. â€Å"Post-surgery evaluation indicates no evidence of remaining disease, and no further treatment is required,† said court spokeswoman Kathleen Arberg. â€Å"Justice Ginsburg will continue to work from home next week and will participate in the consideration and decision of the cases on the basis of the briefs and the transcripts of oral arguments. Her recovery from surgery is on track.† Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer (2019) On August 23, 2019, it was announced that Justice Ginsburg had completed three weeks of radiation treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. According to the Supreme Court, the radiation therapy, conducted on an outpatient basis, began Aug. 5, after doctors found a â€Å"localized cancerous tumor† on Ginsburg’s pancreas. Doctors at Sloan Kettering stated, â€Å"The tumor was treated definitively and there is no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body.† Personal and Family Life Less than a month after she graduated from Cornell in 1954, Ruth Bader married Martin D. Ginsburg, who would later enjoy a successful career as a tax attorney. The couple had two children: a daughter Jane, born in 1955, and a son James Steven, born in 1965. Today, Jane Ginsburg is a professor at Columbia Law School and James Steven Ginsburg is the founder and president of Cedille Records, a Chicago-based classical music recording company. Ruth Bader Ginsburg now has four grandchildren. Martin Ginsburg died of complications from metastatic cancer on June 27, 2010, just four days after the couple celebrated their 56th wedding anniversary. The couple often spoke fondly of their shared parenting and income-earning marriage. Ginsburg once described Martin as â€Å"the only young man I dated who cared that I had a brain.† Martin once explained the reason for their long and successful marriage: â€Å"My wife doesnt give me any advice about cooking and I dont give her any advice about the law.† The day after her husband’s death, Ruth Bader Ginsburg was at work hearing oral arguments on the final day of the Supreme Court’s 2010 term. Quotes Ruth Bader Ginsburg is known for her memorable statements both in and out of court. â€Å"I try to teach through my opinions, through my speeches, how wrong it is to judge people on the basis of what they look like, color of their skin, whether they’re men or women.† (MSNBC interview)My mother told me two things constantly. One was to be a lady, and the other was to be independent.† (ACLU)â€Å"Women will have achieved true equality when men share with them the responsibility of bringing up the next generation.† (The Record) Finally, when asked how she would like to be remembered, Ginsburg told MSNBC, â€Å"Someone who used whatever talent she had to do her work to the very best of her ability. And to help repair tears in her society, to make things a little better through the use of whatever ability she has. To do something, as my colleague (Justice) David Souter would say, outside myself.† Sources â€Å"Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Academy of AchievementGalanes, Philip (November 14, 2015). â€Å"†Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Gloria Steinem on the Unending Fight for Womens Rights. The New York Times.Irin Carmon, Irin and Knizhnik, Shana. â€Å"Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Dey Street Books (2015). ISBN-10: 0062415832Burton, Danielle (October 1, 2007). â€Å".†10 Things You Didnt Know About Ruth Bader Ginsburg US News World Report.Lewis, Neil A. (June 15, 1993). â€Å".†The Supreme Court: Woman in the News; Rejected as a Clerk, Chosen as a Justice: Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331

What s Happening Of Marriage - 884 Words

Marriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, provides possible reasons and answers to why and how today’s marriages differ from past marriages. This paper was constructed with well credible sources and numerous logos appeals. In the beginning of the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage†, NMP discusses issues about the on-going changes in marriages today. In modern day marriages, divorce is becoming more common amongst spouses, leaving the divorce rate at an all time high. NMP go es on to say, â€Å"As an institution, marriage has lost much of its legal, religious and social meaning and authority.† Some spouses still hold original martial values, but a larger quantity of couples have lost those original values of marriage. The article then switches gears and saying that â€Å"Although the divorce rate has leveled off, it remains at historically high levels.† They then go on to say that the kids of divorced parents are less likely to be divorced if they were to marry. 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Consciousness and Neuroscience Free Essays

The implications of the â€Å"Consciousness and Neuroscience † is that the neural correlates of consciousness is not enough to prove that a conscious can be cry dated. 3. Francis Crick and Christofis Koch publish on the Oxford Journal at first was m aging banter about covering scientific ground about leaving the work to philosopher RSI and that science is too young. We will write a custom essay sample on Consciousness and Neuroscience or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the concepts was replacing the visual consciousness and working on macaque monkeys. Crick and Koch agree with Ranchmen’s and Horsiest SST eating in order to eliminate hesitation, is sensible to have only one conscious interpretation of a usual scene. Through this philosophy, one of their mainsails was that Artificial Conscious requires a stream of pure decision with the delayed hesitation following in a timely man nerd and that machines at this point in time do not fulfill this requirement. 4. Consciousness and Neuroscience apply to my paper in giving counterpoint s to the possibility of whether an Artificial Consciousness could exist. It gives a lots of evidence using neural science and the anatomy of the brain and how there are plenty of sass motions that questions the Neural Correlates of Consciousness. It also questions whether t he strict structure of illicit chips could create a legal conscious or not, depending on the definition n of what a Quant, 5 conscious actually is, in their case they base their argument mainly on the Visit al Consciousness, which is indeed is one of the easier forms of consciousness to study because t he visual input are vivid, rich and highly structured but very easy to control. And whether or not an Artificial Consciousness could be created is dependent on these basic experiments. 5. Crick, Francis and Koch had related their argument of analogies between live Engines and consciousness as only an analogy to Chalmers argument, an analogy is o lay an analogy. They are trying to prove Chalmers quail wrong because the†Hard problem† is only subjective experiences that rise from the brain processes however has many questions t hat defeat the â€Å"Hard Problem. † 1. Mismatch, Steven. â€Å"Should There Be a Limit Placed on the Integration of Hum NAS and Computers and Electronic Technology? THE ETHICS OF THE COWBOY . Florida International University, n. D. Web. 03 Feb.. 2015. Http://www. Fib. Deed/-mismatch/cybernetics. HTML 2. Authors main claim is that even with bioethics, once a technology is out in p public, it cannot ever go away. This is just like squeezing a toothpaste out of the bottle, but who en you have to put it all back in you reali zed what you have done. The subclass were positive AR augments and negative consequences towards ciborium speaking of the ethics of implanted d chips and sensors into the human body. The evidence were heavily based on history such as the Wassermann barrier or the Cremation and Neanderthal past. 3. EGG, skill chip implants, cold fusion and hyper intelligence have all been intra educed to the reader and might have to be bombarded with technical terms first before the y could understand the main point of the bioethics and morals. Quant, 6 4. Sans et. Al helped me understand the morals and ethics from a different CB org point of view where they have both positive and negative outcomes when they introduce the is new technology. Listing all of the consequences is not possible, however listing the major ones are. The morals and ethics could go to my own research near the end where after I explained that creating an artificial intelligence is possible, would also explain to the readers that there are also ethical and moral boundaries to it too. 5. Bioethics relates greatly to Chalmers ‘ ‘The Puzzle of Conscious Experience† where there is a nagging quail in a synthetic brain and the possibility of inserting silicon chips into human brains. 1. Pinker, Steven. The Brain: The Mystery Of Consciousness. † Time . Time Inc. , 29 Jan. 2007. Web. Jean. 2015. Http://content. Time. Com/time/magazine/article/O,9171,1 580394, 00. HTML 2. The authors McClain is that the Conscious is a fragile temporary gift and that even though there are â€Å"easy’ and â€Å"hard† problems only that person has control to believe whether people have a conscious. Pinkie’s subclass, understanding t he consciousness allows others to see morality and interest in others and using experiences to shape our perspective s and our consciousness, support his main claim. He quotes Descartes, Freud, McGinnis, and Detente to help support his argument towards morals and practices. He also explains the bin ocular rivalry experiment which further supported his argument on consciousness. One WA arrant is if there was a afterlife and that the soul and conscious lives after the body dies, then there would be great sadness in humans and that we are just free agents taking responsibility. Quant, 7 3. Pinker also mentions the Astonishing Hypothesis, the idea that our thought s, aches, sensations and joys all consist of physiological activity inside the tissues of the brain. And it could be further controlled by Illusions from electrical stimulations. The question is who ether conscious is really controlled in the human mind and whether that could be transferred to the machine world. Would an artificial conscious mind really be fighting for control as the binocular AR rivalry theory states? Would the artificial brain be in its own illusion of control as human bra ins do or would it also have competing events for attention of the conscious? Pinkie’s ethics and ideas brings a new vision on his morality stating that the biology is much better than an unknown n immortal soul. Although understanding physiology of conscious treats human pains and scuff erring, we would also understand the interests of others and share morals. 4. Pinkies article answers many Of my questions and doubts within the aspect of control of human consciousness. He guided me through the thought process that human ins have the â€Å"Illusion of Control† in which they really do not and that relates to my point whether Ar difficult Intelligence has their own algorithm of thought processes and thought control l. Will the artificial brain put conscious effort that it is thinking more than just one thought at a it me? And also ender if a artificial conscious would believe its own lies. As scary as it would get, that would be interesting to see what would happen if an artificial conscious learned cacti ions that go against human morals and whether it could fix itself or keep with its first teachings. 5. Steven Pinker, a professor at Harvard, further argues Chalmers argument of the Easy vs. Hard problem and how the first person subjective is harder to physiologically nude restated than the easy problem presented by Freud: distinguish unconscious versus conscious comb tuition. Quant, 8 1 . Sans, Richard, Gigantic Lopez, and Julia B. Alonso. A Rationale and Vision for Machine Consciousness in Complex Controllers (n. D. ): n. Page. University Polytechnic De Madrid JIM, 2007. Web. 3 Feb.. 2015. Http://attire. Slab. Ump. Sees/documents/controlled/ASLABB2007019. PDF . The authors main claim is that building an artificial consciousness is not poss. able with their subclass being from a business perspective, making that largesse pro eject is teammate infeasible and expensive and from a technical perspective, autonomy mousey impossible. The evidence goes deep into business mademoiselles and Vim’s autonomic computing initiative in 2003. However, their warrant would be the artificial co clots project would not be possible if and only if we continue business practices in t he future. 3. The key subclass was building a modeled glassware control system, mod ling an approach to System Development, and Self functionality and implementation n. All of these were the big ideas and reasons that backed the main claim. How to cite Consciousness and Neuroscience, Papers