Georg Baselitz, Creator of Upside-Down Art

Georg Baselitz (born January 23, 1938) is a Neo-Expressionist German artist best known for painting and exhibiting many of his works upside down. The inversion of his paintings is a deliberate choice, aimed at challenging and disturbing viewers. According to the artist, he believes that it makes them think more about the grotesque and often disturbing content. Fast Facts: Georg Baselitz Full Name: Hans-Georg Kern, but changed his name to Georg Baselitz in 1958Occupation: Painter and sculptorBorn: January 23, 1938 in Deutschbaselitz, GermanySpouse: Johanna Elke KretzschmarChildren: Daniel Blau and Anton KernEducation: Academy of Visual and Applied Art in East Berlin and Academy of Visual Arts in West BerlinSelected Works: Die Grosse Nacht im Eimer (1963), Oberon (1963), Der Wald auf dem Kopf (1969)Notable Quote: I always feel attacked when Im asked about my painting. Early Life and Education Born Hans-Georg Kern, the son of an elementary school teacher, Georg Baselitz grew up in the town Deutschbaselitz, in what would later be East Germany. His family lived in a flat above the school. Soldiers used the building as a garrison during World War II, and it was destroyed during a battle between Germans and Russians. Baselitzs family found refuge in the cellar during the combat. In 1950, the Baselitz family moved to Kamens, where their son attended high school. He found himself heavily influenced by a reproduction of Interlude During a Hunt in Wermersdorf Forest by 19th-century German realist painter Ferdinand von Rayski. Baselitz painted extensively while attending high school. In 1955 the Art Academy of Dresden rejected his application. However, he began studying painting at the Academy of Visual and Applied Art in East Berlin in 1956. After expulsion due to socio-political immaturity, he continued his studies in West Berlin at the Academy of Visual Arts. In 1957, Georg Baselitz met Johanna Elke Kretzschmar. They married in 1962. He is the father of two sons, Daniel Blau and Anton Kern, who are both gallery owners. Georg and Johanna became Austrian citizens in 2015. Lothar Wolleh / Wikimedia Commons / GNU Free Documentation License First Exhibitions and Scandal Hans-Georg Kern became Georg Baselitz in 1958, when he adopted his new last name as a tribute to his hometown. He began painting a series of portraits based on observations of German soldiers. The focus of the young artist was the German identity in the aftermath of World War II. The first Georg Baselitz exhibition took place in 1963 at Galerie Werner Katz in West Berlin. It included the controversial paintings Der Nackte Mann (Naked Man) and Die Grosse Nacht im Eimer (Big Night Down the Drain). Local authorities deemed the paintings obscene and seized the works. The ensuing court case was not settled until two years later. Various Signs (1965). Hans-Georg Roth / Getty Images The controversy helped propel Baselitz into notoriety as a rising expressionist painter. Between 1963 and 1964, he painted the Idol series of five canvases. They focused on profoundly emotional and disturbed renderings of human heads echoing the emotional angst of Edvard Munchs The Scream (1893). The 1965-1966 series Helden (Heroes) represented Baselitz at top form. He presented ugly images that were designed to force Germans to confront the ugliness of their violent past during World War II and political suppression in East Germany. Upside-Down Art In 1969, Georg Baselitz presented his first inverted painting Der Wald auf dem Kopf (The Wood on its Head). The landscape subject matter is influenced by the work of Ferdinand von Rayski, Baselitzs childhood idol. The artist has frequently stated that he turns the works upside down to irritate the view. He believes that people pay closer attention when they are disturbed. While the paintings displayed upside down are representational in nature, the act of inverting them is considered a step toward abstraction. Some observers believe that the upside-down pieces were a gimmick to draw attention to the artist. However, the prevailing view saw it as a stroke of genius that rattled traditional perspectives on art. St. Georgstiefel (1997). Mary Turner / Getty Images While the subject matter of Baselitz paintings stretches far and wide and defies simple characterization, his upside-down technique quickly became the most easily identifiable element of his work. Baselitz was soon known as the pioneer of upside-down art. Sculpture In 1979, Georg Baselitz began creating monumental wooden sculptures. The pieces are unrefined and sometimes crude, like his paintings. He refused to polish his sculptures and preferred to leave them looking like rough-hewn creations. BDM Gruppe (2012). FaceMePLS / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons 2.0 One of the most celebrated of Baselitzs sculpture series is the eleven busts of women he created in the 1990s designed to commemorate the bombing of Dresden during World War II. Baselitz memorialized the rubble women he saw as the backbone of efforts to reconstruct the city after the war. He used a chain saw to hack away at the wood and help give the pieces a crude, defiant appearance. The emotional intensity of the series echoes the 1960s paintings of the Heroes series. Later Career In the 1990s, Baselitz expanded his work into other media beyond painting and sculpture. He designed the set for the Dutch Operas production of Harrison Birtwistles Punch and Judy in 1993. In addition, he designed a postage stamp for the French government in 1994. The first major U.S. retrospective of the work of Georg Baselitz took place at the Guggenheim in New York City in 1994. The exhibition traveled to Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles. Georg Baselitz continues to work and produce new art in his 80s. He remains controversial and is often highly critical of German politics. Georg Baselitz exhibition at White Cube Gallery (2016). rune hellestad / Getty Images Legacy and Influence The upside-down art of Georg Baselitz remains popular, but arguably his willingness to confront the horrors of World War II in Germany in his art has the most enduring impact. The emotional and occasionally shocking subject matter in his paintings exerted a powerful influence on Neo-Expressionist painters around the world. Oberon (1963), one of the most recognized masterpieces by Baselitz, demonstrates the visceral impact of his work. Four ghostly heads stretched into the center of the canvas on elongated and distorted necks. Behind them, what looks like a graveyard is drenched in a bloody red color. Oberon (1963). Hans-Georg Roth / Getty Images The painting represents the rejection of the prevailing winds of the art world in the 1960s directing young artists toward conceptual and pop art. Baselitz chose to dig even deeper into a grotesque form of expressionism laying bare the emotional horrors that continued to impact post-war Germany. Discussing the direction of his work, Baselitz said, I was born into a destroyed order, a destroyed landscape, a destroyed people, a destroyed society. And I didnt want to reestablish an order: Id seen enough of so-called order. Sources Heinze, Anna. Georg Baselitz: Back Then, In Between, and Today. Prestel, 2014.

The Internal Revenue Service ( Irs ) - 2781 Words

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is part of the Department of the United States Treasury. It is one of the most efficient tax administrators in the world. During fiscal year 2012, the IRS $2.5 trillion in revenue and processed 237 million tax returns. For every $100 it collected in fiscal year 2012, the IRS spent a mere 48 cents. The mission of the IRS is to provide U.S. taxpayers a top quality service by helping them pay their taxes, enforce the laws regarding taxes, and assist taxpayers with understanding their taxes. The IRS values integrity and fairness for all taxpayers. In the U.S., Congress passes tax laws and taxpayers are required to comply. The taxpayer’s role is to understand his/her tax obligations and meet them. The IRS’ role is to help taxpayers be compliant and pursue those who do not pay their fair share. The Internal Revenue Code, section 7801, organizes the IRS to carry out the responsibilities of the secretary of the Treasury. The secretary is granted full authority to administer and enforce the tax laws and has the power to create the agency (IRS) to enforce those laws. In 1862, President Lincoln and Congress created an income tax to pay war expenses and the position of commissioner of Internal Revenue was created. Ten years later, the income tax was repealed. Congress reenacted the tax in 1894 and the Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional in 1895. It wasn’t until 1913, when Wyoming ratified the 16th Amendment (giving Congress theShow MoreRelatedThe Internal Revenue Service ( Irs ) Essay957 Words   |  4 PagesIntermediate Sanctions The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) maintains strict governance of charitable organizations with whom receive their tax exempt status under IRC Sec. 501(c)(3). 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Best Practice Eia On Selected Valued Ecosystem Components...

The two criteria chosen for best practice EIA in regards to cumulative effects are: 1. To identify the incremental direct and indirect effects of the proposed project on selected valued ecosystem components (VEC) within the area of the project location, and; 2. To identify other past, present and reasonably foreseeable future activities within the space and time boundaries that have been, are, or could contribute to cumulative effects on the VECs or their indicators. Potential cumulative impacts (also referred to as cumulative effects) should be considered as soon as practicable whilst identifying direct and indirect effects. Direct impacts result from the proposed activity and happen at the same time and place whereas indirect impacts are later in time or further in distance, but are still reasonably foreseeable (United States Department of Transportation 2015). It is important to take into account the direct, indirect and cumulative impacts of a proposed action, as this aids in determining the significance of a project (Unites States Department of Transportation 2015). It is common practice for proponents to identify the direct effects of a proposal, and overlook indirect and cumulative effects. It is vitally important for proponents to take into account both indirect and cumulative impacts to understand the bigger picture, and the impacts their project can have on surrounding VECs. The VECs can be determined; †¢ from information available on current or anticipated

The Moral Underground By Lisa Dodson - 1349 Words

1. In the book The Moral Underground, How Ordinary Americans Subvert an Unfair Economy by Lisa Dodson the main focus is recounting the lives of people who help out those in the lower classes. People in the lower classes typically struggle day in and day out to make ends meet. Most people in lower income families are families with not many children and are working like any other American. Yet, they are still seen as unmotivated people in society. â€Å"Like other Americans in the past, Andrew decided that when you see people being treated unfairly and, worse still, you realize you play a direct role in the unfairness, the right thing to do is act against it.†(pg. 5). This is what many people do; they are seen as â€Å"heroes† who break the rules to help those in need because they acknowledge that the system is unfair. Those who need help are treated with little dignity and as criminals as a way to belittle them. Society likes to take away their independence because we s ee them as different or as a subclass. Some strategies included, â€Å"funnel resources such as money, food, medical care, or heat to those critically in need† (pg. 9). In one case mentioned in the book Andrew the fast-food manager, he adds fake hours in which they didn’t work so that way they can have higher pay check because Andrew feels that they don’t make enough to have a living wage (pg. 23). As I’ve learned in class not all the time can people afford or qualify to get on public assistance therefore there are secret

Compansation Management free essay sample

But he decided to stay on as he had promised several things to the management in the interview. He wanted to please and change the attitude of management through his diligent performance, firm commitment and dedication. He started maximizing his contributions and the management got the impression that Mr. Sashidhar had settled down and will remain in the company. After some time, the superiors started riding rough- shod over Mr. Sashidhar. He was over- loaded with multifarious jobs. His freedom in deciding and executing was cut down. He was ill- treated on a number of occasions before his subordinates. His colleagues also started assigning their responsibilities to Mr. Sashidhar. Consequently there were imbalances in his family life, social life and organizational life. But he seemed to be calm and contented. Management felt that Mr. Sashidhar had the potential to bear with many more organizational responsibilities. So the General Manager was quite surprised to see the resignation letter of Mr. Sashidhar along with a cheque equivalent to a month’s salary one fine morning on 18th January, 2004. The General Manager failed to convince Mr. Sashidhar to withdraw his resignation. The General Manager relieved him on 25th January, 2004. The General Manager wanted to appoint a committee to go into the matter immediately, but dropped the idea later. Questions: 1. What prevented the General Manager from appointing a committee? 2. What is wrong with the recruitment policy of the company? IIBM Institute of Business Management 3 Examination Paper: Personnel Management Caselet 2 When Adite Technologies Ltd (ATL) moved one of their divisions to Bangalore, the branch manager in Mumbai decided to transfer those employees who did not wish to go to Bangalore to other local divisions. Ten of the thirty chose to stay and to be transferred to another division. Madhuri was one of those. She was assigned to the computer moving-head division. When Madhuri reported to the new job, Narender Kumar, her new supervisor told her he did not know whether or not he would have a permanent position for her. For three days Madhuri sat and watched other employees do their work. One Friday, Narender announced that their division had received another big contract and he would brief Madhuri on her new assignment on Monday. Madhuri arrived at 9:00 am Monday morning and waited anxiously to learn about the new job. Narender did not arrive until 10:30. He was being briefed on the new contract; he said and would not be able to meet Madhuri before lunch. At 1:30 pm Narender returned to show Madhuri the operation, ‘we are reworking model 10-D and it only requires changing two spot welds. With this jig, you can turn one out in about three to five minutes’. Narender added,’ By the way will be the quality control supervisor on this job. Just double Madhuri was given no idea how important the checks might be. ‘Please watch me’, said Narender Madhuri, taking up the welding torch. ‘Any one can do it easily’. He repeated the operation five or six times. Madhuri tried it and experienced no difficulty. Neither of them checked their reworked pieces with the blue print to see if they would pass the quality check and as a result, Madhuri never checked any pieces after that demonstration. Narender did not see again until Friday. During the week several things happened. More than half the motors did not work correctly by the time they reached the final assembly. It could not be determined whether the faulty motors were the result of Madhuri’s work or the result of a lack of quality checks. A box of 20 parts had been approved by Madhuri since her initials were on the inspection card, but she had not made the necessary alterations. That was when Narender found time to talk to Madhuri again. Questions: 1. What incidents showed that Narender was not performing a good job as a trainer? 2. How do you think Madhuri feels about Narender and about her new job? END OF SECTION B IIBM Institute of Business Management 4 Examination Paper: Personnel Management Section C: Applied Theory (30 Marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of Applied Theory Questions. Answer all the questions. Each question carries 15 marks. Detailed information should form the part of your answer (Word limit 200 to 250 Words) 1. What do you understand by the term ‘Performance Appraisal’? Discuss the various methods of performance appraisal in detail. 2. What is Training? Why is training necessary for organization performance and success? END OF SECTION C IIBM Institute of Business Management 5 Examination Paper: Personnel Management IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper Compensation Management Section A: Objective Type (30 marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of Multiple Choice questions short note questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each Part Two questions carry 5 marks each. MM. 100 Part One: Multiple Choices 1. A ________ is a hierarchy of jobs to which wage rates have been attached. a. Wage Level b. Wage Structure Page 7 c. Wage Index d. Wage Policy 2. It is the wage which is above the minimum wage but below the living wage. a. Basic wage b. Overtime page 40 c. Fair wage d. Compensation 3. It is the process of minimizing the physical and perceptual loads imposed on people engaged in any type of work. a. Motion Economy page 149 b. Human Engineering c. Value Analysis d. Task Identity 4. It is the method which lists frequency of critical behaviors in an employee. a. Performance Appraisal b. Performance Matrix Page 210 c. 360 degree feedback d. Management by Objectives 5. A map to illustrate behavioral parameters requires in competent performance is: a. Competency Mapping b. Balanced Score Card c. Behavioral Observation Scale d. Key Results Areas Page 210 IIBM Institute of Business Management 6 Examination Paper: Personnel Management 6. In this type of team, team members are temporarily assigned some tasks to accomplish: a. Cross functional Team b. Hybrid team c. Process Team Page 224 d. Parallel Team 7. The practice of comparing compensation with other competing to offer a competitive pay package to employees, is refer as: a. Broadband Policy b. Bench Marking Page 253 c. Retention Policy d. None of the above 8. Any wage cost not directly connected with the employees’ productive effort, performance service, is called: a. Allowances Page 267 b. Incentives c. Fringe Benefits d. Bonus 9. It is a company’s expenditure spent directly on employees excluding the cost of infrastructure: a. Basic Salary b. Cost to company Page 343 c. Allowances d. Bonus 10. Strategy that provides overall guidelines for the organization is refer as: a. HR Strategy b. Functional strategy c. Corporate strategy Page 366 d. Operational strategy Part Two: 1. Discuss the terms ‘wages’ and ‘salary’. What factors determine the wage structure in an industrial enterprise? 2. Define job design. Briefly explain various technique of job design. 3. What is a balanced Score Card.? What are its different perspectives? 4. Write a short note on 360-degree performance feedback. END OF SECTION A IIBM Institute of Business Management 7 Examination Paper: Personnel Management Section B: Caselets (40 Marks) †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ This section consists of Caselets. Answer all the questions. Each Caselet carries 20 marks. Detailed information should form the part of your answer (Word limit 150 to 200 words). Caselet 1 page 344 In 2001, a Chennai- based two- wheeler major introduced a bonus scheme for its employees. Employees covered under this bonus scheme are evaluated through a three-tier process- (1) meeting production schedules, 2) maintaining machines, and (3) reducing overtime, scrap and shipping errors. In 2002, productivity surged, and some employees even added as much as 15 per cent to their paychecks. The two- wheeler company started facing competition from international players and also was riddled in patent issues. A court order forced them to stop production of many models, causing significant manpower restricting successive drop in sales, the company was forced to withdraw the bonus scheme, and asked employees to be prepared for a financial structure, which would mean a reduction in their benefits and perks. This message had a highly demoralizing effect on the employees and many efficient designers and engineers left their jobs to join the competitors. The trade unions also took up the matter as the workers only faced pay- cut while the senior management remuneration remained unchanged. A portion of the employee compensation is paid as variable pay, of which bonus is a major part. Other variable incentives are based on allocated weight age on group target achievement. To rationalize the compensation cost, the company decided to further switch over to individual performance track record. A formal announcement to this effect made the workers furious and led to workers protest, resulting in production loss an a regular basis. The company made it clear to the employees that their behavior would lead to the closure of the company, which would put them in financial and went on an indefinite strike. A few months later, the company obtained clearance from the court and the production of all the premium high- selling brands, which was stopped earlier, could be resumed, as the patent issue was found to be untenable. The company feels that the whole issue was masterminded by competitors to poach valuable employees from the company. Question: 1. Study the case and provide an alternative compensation design, which would redress the problem faced by the two- wheeler major in Chennai. Caselet 2 You are a Manager, the Financial Analysis department of Mendelssohn’s Insurance. Your assistant, Denzil Worsnip, has worked for you two years. He is 24 years of age and joined Mendelssohn’s as an ‘A’ level entrant. He progressed through the support functions, from junior clerk to section head. He showed such promise that the company sponsored him at evening classes to study for the accounting technicians exams. He is over half way through this at the moment and is due to take his final exams in 9 months time. His aim in joining your team was to use the job as a stepping tone to one of the sales teams. You were not bothered that Denzil looked on the job in this way a you are all in favor of encouraging people to get on. IIBM Institute of Business Management 8 Examination Paper: Personnel Management In nay case, you know it is exceptionally difficult to get onto one of these sales teams, particularly these days with the company placing so much emphasis on its graduate recruitment. You know he was put out recently when the Unit Trust team hired a graduate trainee, as he had put a lot of effort into chatting them up. Nevertheless, Denzil does not accept that the new recruit had an advantage in that he is a qualified actuary. Until a few months ago, Denzil had been an above average employee. He was always cheerful, enthusiastic and willing. He also picked things up quickly. You used to have regular weekly team meetings. You used to use these meetings to get suggestions on your new procedures. Denzil used to make an excellent contribution to these meetings; he was always full of ideas. It is a shame that there is now so little time for these meetings. You often used to give Denzil some one-off projects to do. He always handled them well and he was always able to squeeze in the extra work. He was also quite prepared to work late time for these meetings. You often used to give Denzil some one-off projects to do. He always handled them well and he was always able to squeeze in the extra work. He was also quite prepared to work late without overtime pay. In the last few months, he seems to have really changed. The other day, he refused to take on a job you wanted him to do. You remember that about four months ago, a similar thing happened. He complained that he had enough to do and could not take on any more and that he was fed up of working every day until 8’o clock. You were annoyed at this because you felt Denzil could take on the extra work, he would just have to assess his priorities better. Anyway, it was only additional routine work you wanted him to do. You knew he was too busy to do ant projects so you were doing this yourself to keep the pressure off Denzil. As for all the overtime, partly, Denzil does go in for long lunch breaks. Networking he calls it. The loss of one person has put additional pressure on the team, but you feel you should most of it. The others just need to find more efficient working practices. Denzil has also recently taken to being very off-handed to people. You have overheard him several times being rude, both on the ‘phone and in person’ to people from the business teams who ask him for information or help. He has been very rude to you too and obviously completely fails to appreciate the extreme pressure you are under. Last week, for instance, you got your team together to tell them about the new procedure, you are implementing, Denzil sat there fuming and then started carrying on at you for having drawn up this new procedure in secret and also claimed the procedure to be unworkable and pointed out some faults.

Seventeenth Century Fashion free essay sample

Argues that fashion styles reflect the spirit of an era. Examines the fashion of the 17th century to reveal the attitudes prevailing social concepts held by the people of the time. Fashion reflects the spirit of the time, and an examination of the fashion of a given era should reveal certain attitudes and prevailing social concepts held by the people of that time. The fashion of the Seventeenth Century reflects the spirit of the age, a period of change, with political and social shifts that are reflected as well in the way fashion developed for both men and women. Davenport (1948) notes a number of the major shifts taking place during the Seventeenth Century. She notes that this was a period of alteration and realignment as royal prerogative gained over feudal power so that the lords responsibility for his people was weakened, shifting responsibility to the people themselves to a much greater degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Seventeenth Century Fashion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was the era of the rise of new types of guild. The old, vertically-composed craft..