Biography of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Supreme Court Justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born Joan Ruth Bader on March 15, 1933) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was first appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1980 by President Jimmy Carter, then to the Supreme Court by President Bill Clinton in 1993, taking the oath of office on August 10, 1993. After former Justice Sandra Day OConnor, Ginsburg is the second-ever female justice to be confirmed to the court. Along with justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, she is one of only four female justices ever to be confirmed. Fast Facts: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Full Name: Joan Ruth Bader GinsburgNickname: The Notorious RBGOccupation: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesBorn: March 15, 1933 in Brooklyn, New YorkParents’ Names: Nathan Bader and Celia Amster BaderSpouse: Martin D. Ginsburg (deceased 2010)Children: Jane C. Ginsburg (born 1955) and James S. Ginsburg (born 1965)Education: Cornell University, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, B.A. in government 1954; Harvard Law School (1956-58); Columbia Law School, LL.B. (J.D.) 1959Published Works: Harvard Law Review Columbia Law Review â€Å"Civil Procedure in Sweden† (1965), â€Å"Text, Cases, and Materials on Sex-Based Discrimination† (1974)Key Accomplishments: First female member of the Harvard Law Review, American Bar Associations Thurgood Marshall Award (1999) Generally considered part of the court’s moderate-to-liberal wing, Ginsburgs decisions reflect her support of gender equality, workers’ rights and constitutional separation of church and state. In 1999, the American Bar Association gave her its coveted Thurgood Marshall Award for her years of advocacy for gender equality, civil rights, and social justice. Early Years and Education Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York, during the height of the Great Depression. Her father, Nathan Bader, was a furrier, and her mother, Celia Bader, worked in a clothing factory. From watching her mother forego high school in order to put her brother through college, Ginsburg gained a love for education. With the constant encouragement and help of her mother, Ginsburg excelled as a student at James Madison High School. Her mother, who had so greatly influenced her early life, died from cancer the day before her graduation ceremony. Ginsburg continued her education at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi at the top of her class with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government in 1954. Later the same year, she married Martin Ginsburg, a law student she met at Cornell. Soon after their marriage, the couple moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where Martin was stationed as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserve. While living in Oklahoma, Ginsburg worked for the Social Security Administration, where she was demoted for being pregnant. Ginsburg put her education on hold to start a family, giving birth to her first child, Jane, in 1955. Law School In 1956, after her husband’s completion of his military service, Ginsburg enrolled at Harvard Law School as one of only nine women in a class with over 500 men. In a 2015 interview with the New York Times, Ginsburg recalls being asked by the Dean of Harvard Law, â€Å"How do you justify taking a spot from a qualified man?† Though embarrassed by the question, Ginsburg offered the tongue-in-cheek response, â€Å"My husband is a second-year law student, and it’s important for a woman to understand her husband’s work.† In 1958, Ginsburg transferred to Columbia University Law School, where she earned her Bachelor of Laws degree in 1959, tying for first in her class. Over the course of her college years, she became the first woman to be published in both the prestigious Harvard Law Review and Columbia Law Review. Early Legal Career Not even her excellent academic record made Ginsburg immune to the overt gender-based discrimination of the 1960s. In her first attempt to find work out of college, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter refused to hire her as his law clerk because of her gender. However, aided by a forceful recommendation from her professor at Columbia, Ginsburg was hired by U.S. District Judge Edmund L. Palmieri, working as his law clerk until 1961. Offered jobs at several law firms, but dismayed by finding them always to be at a much lower salary than those offered to her male counterparts, Ginsburg chose to join the Columbia Project on International Civil Procedure. The position required her to live in Sweden while doing research for her book on Swedish Civil Procedure practices. After returning to the States in 1963, she taught at Rutgers University Law School until accepting a full professorship at Columbia University Law School in 1972. In route to becoming the first tenured female professor at Columbia, Ginsburg headed the Women’s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In this capacity, she argued six women’s rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court from 1973 to 1976, winning five of them and setting legal precedents that would lead to significant changes in the law as it affects women. At the same time, however, Ginsburg’s record shows that she believed the law should be â€Å"gender-blind† and ensure equal rights and protections to persons of all genders and sexual orientations. For example, one of the five cases she won while representing the ACLU dealt with a provision of the Social Security Act that treated women more favorably than men by granting certain monetary benefits to widows but not to widowers. Judicial Career: Court of Appeals and Supreme Court On April 14, 1980, President Carter nominated Ginsburg to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. With her nomination confirmed by the Senate on June 18, 1980, she was sworn in later the same day. She served until August 9, 1993, when she was officially elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court. Ginsburg was nominated as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by President Clinton on June 14, 1993, to fill the seat vacated by the retirement of Justice Byron White. As she entered her Senate confirmation hearings, Ginsburg carried with her the American Bar Association’s Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary’s â€Å"well qualified† rating—its highest possible rating for prospective justices.  Ã‚   In her Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, Ginsburg declined to answer questions about the constitutionality of some issues on which she might have to rule as a Supreme Court justice, such as the death penalty. However, she did confirm her belief that the Constitution implied an overall right to privacy, and clearly addressed her constitutional philosophy as it applied to gender equality. The full Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 96 to 3 on August 3, 1993, and she was sworn in on August 10, 1993. Official Supreme Court Portrait of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Public Domain Supreme Court Record Over the course of her tenure on the Supreme Court, some of Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s written opinions and arguments during deliberations on landmark cases have reflected her lifelong advocacy for gender equality and equal rights. United States v. Virginia (1996): Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that the previously male-only Virginia Military Institute could not deny admission to women based solely on their gender.Olmstead v. L.C. (1999): In this case involving the rights of female patients confined in state mental hospitals, Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that under Title II of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), persons with mental disabilities have the right to live in the community rather than in institutions if medically and financially approved to do so.Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. (2007): Though she voted in the minority in this case of gender-based wage discrimination, Ginsburg’s passionate dissenting opinion moved President Barack Obama to press Congress to pass the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, overturning the Supreme Court’s 2007 ruling by making it clear that the time period allowed for the filing of proven claims of pay discrimination based on gender, race, national origin, age, religion, or disability may not be limited. As the first law signed by President Obama, a framed copy of the Lilly Ledbetter Act hangs in Justice Ginsburg’s office.Safford Unified School District v. Redding (2009): While she did not write the majority opinion, Ginsburg is credited with influencing the Court’s 8-1 ruling that a public school had violated the Fourth Amendment rights of a 13-year-old female student by ordering her to strip to her bra and underpants so that she could be searched for drugs by school authorities.Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Ginsburg is considered to have been instrumental in influencing the Court’s 5-4 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that ruled same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states. For years, she had shown her support for the practice by officiating same-sex marriages and by challenging arguments against it while the case was still in the appellate c ourts. Since being seated on the Court in 1993, Ginsburg has never missed a day of oral argument, even while undergoing treatment for cancer and following her husbands death. In January 2018, shortly after President Donald Trump released a list of his potential Supreme Court nominees, the then 84-year-old Ginsburg silently signaled her intent to remain on the Court by hiring a full set of law clerks through 2020. On July 29, 2018, Ginsburg stated in an interview with CNN that she planned to serve on the Court until age 90. â€Å"I’m now 85,† Ginsburg said. â€Å"My senior colleague, Justice John Paul Stevens, he stepped down when he was 90, so think I have about at least five more years.†Ã‚   Cancer Surgery (2018) On December 21, 2018, Justice Ginsburg underwent surgery for the removal of two cancerous nodules from her left lung. According to the Supreme Court press office, there â€Å"was no evidence of any remaining disease,† following the procedure performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. â€Å"Scans performed before surgery indicated no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body. Currently, no further treatment is planned,† stated the court, adding, â€Å"Justice Ginsburg is resting comfortably and is expected to remain in the hospital for a few days.†Ã‚  The nodules were discovered during tests Ginsburg underwent in relationship to a fall that fractured three of her ribs on Nov. 7. On December 23, just two days after the surgery the Supreme Court reported that Justice Ginsburg was working from her hospital room. During the week of January 7, 2019, Ginsburg failed to attend oral arguments for the first time in her 25 years on the bench of the Supreme Court. However, the Court reported on January 11 that she would return to work and would need no further medical treatment. â€Å"Post-surgery evaluation indicates no evidence of remaining disease, and no further treatment is required,† said court spokeswoman Kathleen Arberg. â€Å"Justice Ginsburg will continue to work from home next week and will participate in the consideration and decision of the cases on the basis of the briefs and the transcripts of oral arguments. Her recovery from surgery is on track.† Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer (2019) On August 23, 2019, it was announced that Justice Ginsburg had completed three weeks of radiation treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. According to the Supreme Court, the radiation therapy, conducted on an outpatient basis, began Aug. 5, after doctors found a â€Å"localized cancerous tumor† on Ginsburg’s pancreas. Doctors at Sloan Kettering stated, â€Å"The tumor was treated definitively and there is no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body.† Personal and Family Life Less than a month after she graduated from Cornell in 1954, Ruth Bader married Martin D. Ginsburg, who would later enjoy a successful career as a tax attorney. The couple had two children: a daughter Jane, born in 1955, and a son James Steven, born in 1965. Today, Jane Ginsburg is a professor at Columbia Law School and James Steven Ginsburg is the founder and president of Cedille Records, a Chicago-based classical music recording company. Ruth Bader Ginsburg now has four grandchildren. Martin Ginsburg died of complications from metastatic cancer on June 27, 2010, just four days after the couple celebrated their 56th wedding anniversary. The couple often spoke fondly of their shared parenting and income-earning marriage. Ginsburg once described Martin as â€Å"the only young man I dated who cared that I had a brain.† Martin once explained the reason for their long and successful marriage: â€Å"My wife doesnt give me any advice about cooking and I dont give her any advice about the law.† The day after her husband’s death, Ruth Bader Ginsburg was at work hearing oral arguments on the final day of the Supreme Court’s 2010 term. Quotes Ruth Bader Ginsburg is known for her memorable statements both in and out of court. â€Å"I try to teach through my opinions, through my speeches, how wrong it is to judge people on the basis of what they look like, color of their skin, whether they’re men or women.† (MSNBC interview)My mother told me two things constantly. One was to be a lady, and the other was to be independent.† (ACLU)â€Å"Women will have achieved true equality when men share with them the responsibility of bringing up the next generation.† (The Record) Finally, when asked how she would like to be remembered, Ginsburg told MSNBC, â€Å"Someone who used whatever talent she had to do her work to the very best of her ability. And to help repair tears in her society, to make things a little better through the use of whatever ability she has. To do something, as my colleague (Justice) David Souter would say, outside myself.† Sources â€Å"Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Academy of AchievementGalanes, Philip (November 14, 2015). â€Å"†Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Gloria Steinem on the Unending Fight for Womens Rights. The New York Times.Irin Carmon, Irin and Knizhnik, Shana. â€Å"Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Dey Street Books (2015). ISBN-10: 0062415832Burton, Danielle (October 1, 2007). â€Å".†10 Things You Didnt Know About Ruth Bader Ginsburg US News World Report.Lewis, Neil A. (June 15, 1993). â€Å".†The Supreme Court: Woman in the News; Rejected as a Clerk, Chosen as a Justice: Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331

What s Happening Of Marriage - 884 Words

Marriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, provides possible reasons and answers to why and how today’s marriages differ from past marriages. This paper was constructed with well credible sources and numerous logos appeals. In the beginning of the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage†, NMP discusses issues about the on-going changes in marriages today. In modern day marriages, divorce is becoming more common amongst spouses, leaving the divorce rate at an all time high. NMP go es on to say, â€Å"As an institution, marriage has lost much of its legal, religious and social meaning and authority.† Some spouses still hold original martial values, but a larger quantity of couples have lost those original values of marriage. The article then switches gears and saying that â€Å"Although the divorce rate has leveled off, it remains at historically high levels.† They then go on to say that the kids of divorced parents are less likely to be divorced if they were to marry. 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Consciousness and Neuroscience Free Essays

The implications of the â€Å"Consciousness and Neuroscience † is that the neural correlates of consciousness is not enough to prove that a conscious can be cry dated. 3. Francis Crick and Christofis Koch publish on the Oxford Journal at first was m aging banter about covering scientific ground about leaving the work to philosopher RSI and that science is too young. We will write a custom essay sample on Consciousness and Neuroscience or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the concepts was replacing the visual consciousness and working on macaque monkeys. Crick and Koch agree with Ranchmen’s and Horsiest SST eating in order to eliminate hesitation, is sensible to have only one conscious interpretation of a usual scene. Through this philosophy, one of their mainsails was that Artificial Conscious requires a stream of pure decision with the delayed hesitation following in a timely man nerd and that machines at this point in time do not fulfill this requirement. 4. Consciousness and Neuroscience apply to my paper in giving counterpoint s to the possibility of whether an Artificial Consciousness could exist. It gives a lots of evidence using neural science and the anatomy of the brain and how there are plenty of sass motions that questions the Neural Correlates of Consciousness. It also questions whether t he strict structure of illicit chips could create a legal conscious or not, depending on the definition n of what a Quant, 5 conscious actually is, in their case they base their argument mainly on the Visit al Consciousness, which is indeed is one of the easier forms of consciousness to study because t he visual input are vivid, rich and highly structured but very easy to control. And whether or not an Artificial Consciousness could be created is dependent on these basic experiments. 5. Crick, Francis and Koch had related their argument of analogies between live Engines and consciousness as only an analogy to Chalmers argument, an analogy is o lay an analogy. They are trying to prove Chalmers quail wrong because the†Hard problem† is only subjective experiences that rise from the brain processes however has many questions t hat defeat the â€Å"Hard Problem. † 1. Mismatch, Steven. â€Å"Should There Be a Limit Placed on the Integration of Hum NAS and Computers and Electronic Technology? THE ETHICS OF THE COWBOY . Florida International University, n. D. Web. 03 Feb.. 2015. Http://www. Fib. Deed/-mismatch/cybernetics. HTML 2. Authors main claim is that even with bioethics, once a technology is out in p public, it cannot ever go away. This is just like squeezing a toothpaste out of the bottle, but who en you have to put it all back in you reali zed what you have done. The subclass were positive AR augments and negative consequences towards ciborium speaking of the ethics of implanted d chips and sensors into the human body. The evidence were heavily based on history such as the Wassermann barrier or the Cremation and Neanderthal past. 3. EGG, skill chip implants, cold fusion and hyper intelligence have all been intra educed to the reader and might have to be bombarded with technical terms first before the y could understand the main point of the bioethics and morals. Quant, 6 4. Sans et. Al helped me understand the morals and ethics from a different CB org point of view where they have both positive and negative outcomes when they introduce the is new technology. Listing all of the consequences is not possible, however listing the major ones are. The morals and ethics could go to my own research near the end where after I explained that creating an artificial intelligence is possible, would also explain to the readers that there are also ethical and moral boundaries to it too. 5. Bioethics relates greatly to Chalmers ‘ ‘The Puzzle of Conscious Experience† where there is a nagging quail in a synthetic brain and the possibility of inserting silicon chips into human brains. 1. Pinker, Steven. The Brain: The Mystery Of Consciousness. † Time . Time Inc. , 29 Jan. 2007. Web. Jean. 2015. Http://content. Time. Com/time/magazine/article/O,9171,1 580394, 00. HTML 2. The authors McClain is that the Conscious is a fragile temporary gift and that even though there are â€Å"easy’ and â€Å"hard† problems only that person has control to believe whether people have a conscious. Pinkie’s subclass, understanding t he consciousness allows others to see morality and interest in others and using experiences to shape our perspective s and our consciousness, support his main claim. He quotes Descartes, Freud, McGinnis, and Detente to help support his argument towards morals and practices. He also explains the bin ocular rivalry experiment which further supported his argument on consciousness. One WA arrant is if there was a afterlife and that the soul and conscious lives after the body dies, then there would be great sadness in humans and that we are just free agents taking responsibility. Quant, 7 3. Pinker also mentions the Astonishing Hypothesis, the idea that our thought s, aches, sensations and joys all consist of physiological activity inside the tissues of the brain. And it could be further controlled by Illusions from electrical stimulations. The question is who ether conscious is really controlled in the human mind and whether that could be transferred to the machine world. Would an artificial conscious mind really be fighting for control as the binocular AR rivalry theory states? Would the artificial brain be in its own illusion of control as human bra ins do or would it also have competing events for attention of the conscious? Pinkie’s ethics and ideas brings a new vision on his morality stating that the biology is much better than an unknown n immortal soul. Although understanding physiology of conscious treats human pains and scuff erring, we would also understand the interests of others and share morals. 4. Pinkies article answers many Of my questions and doubts within the aspect of control of human consciousness. He guided me through the thought process that human ins have the â€Å"Illusion of Control† in which they really do not and that relates to my point whether Ar difficult Intelligence has their own algorithm of thought processes and thought control l. Will the artificial brain put conscious effort that it is thinking more than just one thought at a it me? And also ender if a artificial conscious would believe its own lies. As scary as it would get, that would be interesting to see what would happen if an artificial conscious learned cacti ions that go against human morals and whether it could fix itself or keep with its first teachings. 5. Steven Pinker, a professor at Harvard, further argues Chalmers argument of the Easy vs. Hard problem and how the first person subjective is harder to physiologically nude restated than the easy problem presented by Freud: distinguish unconscious versus conscious comb tuition. Quant, 8 1 . Sans, Richard, Gigantic Lopez, and Julia B. Alonso. A Rationale and Vision for Machine Consciousness in Complex Controllers (n. D. ): n. Page. University Polytechnic De Madrid JIM, 2007. Web. 3 Feb.. 2015. Http://attire. Slab. Ump. Sees/documents/controlled/ASLABB2007019. PDF . The authors main claim is that building an artificial consciousness is not poss. able with their subclass being from a business perspective, making that largesse pro eject is teammate infeasible and expensive and from a technical perspective, autonomy mousey impossible. The evidence goes deep into business mademoiselles and Vim’s autonomic computing initiative in 2003. However, their warrant would be the artificial co clots project would not be possible if and only if we continue business practices in t he future. 3. The key subclass was building a modeled glassware control system, mod ling an approach to System Development, and Self functionality and implementation n. All of these were the big ideas and reasons that backed the main claim. How to cite Consciousness and Neuroscience, Papers

Citibank Performance Evaluation free essay sample

In today’s society consumers want it quick, fast, in a hurry and they are not willing to wait. Customers are becoming more demanding and critical when not having their expectations met. It is important company adjusts to the ever changing attitudes and expectation of customers in the market place. Therefore it is a must for company to satisfy their customers. Customers’ satisfaction is the key to the success of any company. James McGaran is the manager in the Financial District office at Citibank; locate in the Los Angeles area. Citibank is a niche player and pride themselves on building a profitable franchise by providing relationship banking combined with a high level of service to its customer† (Harvard Business School. 1997, pg. 1). Mr. McGaran is an exceptional manager and his performance exceeds expectations with the exception of customer satisfaction. Mr. McGaran scored â€Å"below par† on customer satisfaction. It a must Mr. McGaran take correction actions to improve customer satisfaction in his division to bring his rating above par. Describe the approach you would take in your performance feedback session with James. What would you say, in what sequence would you say it, and what information would you reference to back up what you are saying? The approach I would take in my performance feedback session with James is to conduct a one-on-ones session. I would make sure the performance feedback session is a two-way conversation. I will share my insights as well as listen. Organization goals My feedback session will begin with discussing the organization’s focus, short and long-term goals for the future. I will present James with details, information and reports that I will discuss in the meeting. I will review James job description and performance areas. James will have an opportunity to comment on his behavior and productivity. Strength I would highlight where James has exhibited exceptional work and I would like to see more examples of this level of work in the future. I would discuss with James how the company is very pleased with the job he is doing with the 31 branches and his performance has exceeded above expectations. â€Å"His financial result for the company is outstanding, with 20% above target and he has generated the highest revenue and made the greatest margin contribution to the business of any branch in the system† (Harvard Business School. 997, pg. 4). In addition, James has managed to delivered impressive financial results for four years in a row. Weakness I would explain to James I am concern about his below par in customer satisfaction. I understand his â€Å"branch is the largest and toughest branch in the division and he has demanding clientele, challenging competition and sometimes it can be difficult t o manager such a diverse set of indicators† (Harvard Business School. 1997, pg. 4). I would give James a chance to comment and voice his concern. I would discuss how valuable the customers are to the company and customer satisfaction is the key to the long term success of his division and our company future. I would also explain, I have outlined the company’s performance expectations and we missed a couple of targets. I will ask James what problem or concerns he has and what he thinks is interfering with customer services. James and I will review them together and come up with an action plan for improvement. This will ensure James that I am working with him and not against him. Career progress I would inform James his career is on the right path and the company knows he is a hard worker and he did improve his customer satisfaction rating last quarter. The company has notice and documented the changes he made in his staff, â€Å"by greeting the customer when they arrive and helping customer with problem† (Harvard Business School, 1999, pg. 4). I would let him know I am please with him taken the necessary steps by implementing meeting and coaching his employees to focus on improving customer satisfaction. Overall he has done a great job and he has a great future with the company and what is his next step to continue to improve customer satisfaction. Wrap Up I would wrap up my performance feedback by mentioning the company’s short and long-term goal. I would explain to James he has a key role in helping the company reach their goals. I would encourage James to continue to work hard at improving his performance levels. I will ensure James I will work with him. Assume that as a result of your extraordinary performance in MBA 6220, Citibank California has employed you as a consultant to improve its performance evaluation system. Using specific information from this course, what changes in their processes and procedures would you recommend? As a consultant to improve its performance evaluation system, I would recommend performance evaluation is given quarterly instead of annually. Jack Welch states, â€Å"The problems with an annual performance review are numerous. If you only do something once a year, you never get good at it. And annual reviews tend to be stressful for reviewers and reviewed alike—not just because it’s such a rare event, but because of when it occurs† (Welch, 2005). By given performance evaluation quarterly employer will have an opportunity to assess their employees’ contributions to the organization and bad behaviors can be quickly address and corrected actions can be taken to insure employees are performing at their best. The performance evaluation system that I would implement will be consistent and fair and will provide a measurement of an employees’ contribution to the workforce, appraisal documentation to protect both the employees and employer. The performance evaluation would consists of quality of work, quantity of work, work habits, attitude, job knowledge and skills, attendance, customer service skills, people skills, ability to motivate, ability to provide direction, overall communication skills, ability to build teams, ability to solve problems, rate the employee overall performance, what he/she area needs improving and recommendation. If there is a category that doesn’t’ pertain to the employee then N/A would be insert in the box. Absolute standard evaluation system I would implement the absolute standard evaluation system, because it assesses employees under different criteria and standards and no comparison is made between employees. This system evaluates the skills and achievements of the employees as well as their communication, behavior and reliability (Howard, 2010). Balanced Scorecard I will use a Balanced Scorecard as performance measures. Balanced Scorecard is â€Å"an approach that utilizes the 4 focus points of performance measurement, Customer, financial, internal process, and learning and growth perspective. The Balance Scorecard aligns business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization; helps improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals† (Balanced Scorecard Basics, 1998). By using this approach management is able to see the big picture of the overall view of the company performance. Benchmarking It is important for a company to know what their competitors are doing. I would use Benchmarking. Benchmarking allows the organization to compare itself with their competitors. 60-degree (Balanced Scorecard Basics, 1998). I would use the 360-degre feedback. 360-degree is feedback that comes from all around an employee. Feedback is provided by subordinates, peers, and supervisor. It also includes a self-assessment and, in some cases, feedback from external sources such as customer and suppliers or other interested stakeholders† (360-Degree 2011). This technique provides employees the opportunity to receive p erformance feedback from supervisor, peers, staff members, coworker and customers. It provides insights on employees’ skills and behaviors. Conclusion In conclusion the primary object for performance evaluations is to provide employers with an opportunity to assess their employees, make sure they are performing to the best of their abilities, to provide employees with feedback on what is expected of them and to ensure that goals are being met in an effective and efficient manner. That why it is important to implement a good performance evaluation. Companies must keep in mind when implementing a performance evaluation system it should be consistent and fair, and provide a measurement of an employees’ contribution to the workforce.

77001207135540005431155 Essays - Tutankhamun, 2nd Millennium BC

77001207135540005431155 KV62-King Tutankhamun's Tomb The Death Mask of KIng Tut 7900035000 KV62-King Tutankhamun's Tomb The Death Mask of KIng Tut right2300231140 201776009800 2017 King Tutankhamun's Tomb When I was young I loved National Geographic. I loved the photography of places and animals that seemed so foreign as to be almost alien. The March 1977 cover of National Geographic pictured what appeared to be a golden statue from a long-dead king of a wondrous society. It was the death mask of King Tutankhamun. The cover drew me in, and after reading the contents of the issue, I was left unsatisfied. I wanted to know more about ancient Egypt. Such is the power of art. A single image can inspire and change the course of a person's life. That single image spurred in me a desire to learn and discover. On November 6, 1922, British Egyptologist Howard Carter announced that he had made a "wonderful discovery" in the Valley of Kings (James 252). That wonderful discovery was the tomb of the boy king Tutankhamun, hereinafter King Tut. King Tut died unexpectedly at the age of 19 and was entombed in the valley of kings more than 3,300 years ago (Hawass). The tomb was filled with so many items that could be considered works of art that discussing them all would exceed the scope of this paper. So, I will focus on the piece that so captured my imagination when I first saw it. The death mask of King Tut. The tomb was divided into three chambers: an antechamber, a burial chamber, and a treasure chamber. The antechamber was filled with things the pharaoh would need in the next life, such as: funerary beds, chariots, weapons, and even King Tut's underwear. The treasure chamber was filled with what you'd expect, treasure. Unfortunately, the tomb was robbed several times and many of the priceless artifacts were stolen. The burial chamber contained the most famous of all the artifacts in the tomb, King Tut's sarcophagus. When most people think of King Tut's sarcophagus, they picture a giant, roughly human-shaped, golden box, inlaid with jewels. In fact, the sarcophagus is a stone container that contains one or more coffins. In King Tut's tomb, the sarcophagus contained three coffins. The first two were made of gilded wood, and the third coffin was made of solid gold. The images we see of the giant golden coffin are of this third coffin. It weighs 110 kilograms and is adorned with semi-precious stones. Inside this golden coffin rests King Tut's mummy, and the work of art that is the subject of this paper, his death mask. King Tut's death mask is made of solid gold, adorned with colored glass and semi-precious stones, and weighs 11 kilograms. It is adorned with various animals representing god and goddesses that would protect King Tut in the afterlife. Almost every facet of the mask was specifically chosen to represent some aspect of Egyptian religious beliefs. The construction of the mask is remarkable when you consider it was fashioned more than 3,000 years ago. The mask is modular and the metallic pieces are attached to each other with rivets. The mask gives us an idea of what the boy king looked like, but it also tells us another, more interesting story. Detailed analysis of the mask shows that the mask was never originally intended for King Tut. It was designed and intended for Ankhkheperure, better known as Queen Nefertiti. Queen Nefertiti and her husband were widely considered heretics. They broke with the Egyptian tradition of worshipping multiple gods and promoted a monotheistic religion centered around Aten, the sun disk, which angered most of the Egyptian nobility and religious leaders. After Nefertiti's death, there was a concerted effort to erase her and her husband from history. King Tut's death mask was originally designed for Nefertiti, but likely sat unused after she was not afforded a god-queen's burial (Reeves). The mask was then adapted to become King Tut's mask. However, researchers found an inscription bearing Queen Nefertiti's name inside the mask. This work of art revealed a tale fit for an ancient Egyptian soap opera. While some of ancient Egypt's works of art can be attributed to specific sculptors

Government involvement in the economy where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn

Government involvement in the economy where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn Introduction Although government often influences the economy of the state greatly, the link between the two is rather loose. In fact, once a state allows private entrepreneurship, economy is no longer in the hands of those beholding power – on the contrary, these are business people who shape the realm of the state’s economy, thus, contributing to its development and enhancing the cooperation with foreign countries.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government involvement in the economy: where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Naturally, letting the state economy be guided by private industries must seem extremely risky to the government, which must be the key reason why in most states, the question whether economy should be government-driven or powered by private entrepreneurships solely remains open. Like many other dilemmas, the given one seems to have its solution concealed in between the choices. While private entrepreneurships must be the key driving power behind the state economy, in the instances of crises, the interference of the government is crucial for the state economy to be stable; however, in an attempt to control the market and prevent the possibility of a crisis, the government creates obstacles in the way of private enterprises development. Government Control vs. Freedom of Entrepreneurship: The Golden Mean Whenever government tries to take control over the state economy and coordinate the actions of private entrepreneurs, the progress of the state is threatened, mostly because authorities tend to impose their vision of what strategies the companies should adopt. Therefore, basically, by intruding into the sphere of private entrepreneurship, the government creates only two problems, yet these problems affect the business sphere immensely, shaping the economy of the state and influencing other fields, such as finances, social life, the international image of the state, etc. To be more exact, with its interference into the realm of private business, government restrains entrepreneurship and intrudes rudely into the financial operations of private businessmen, which can be viewed as the infringement of the latter’s rights. Another obvious problem with the intrusion of the state into the private business sphere is that the solutions to the problems, as well as the strategies, cannot possibly take into account every single specifics of the company in question; otherwise, the state would have to control every single move of every single company, which would be practically impossible.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To make the matters worse, the principles of organizational and industrial psychology would be ignored completely in the cases when the state would have to make a decision for the company. Therefore, not only the financial state of affairs in the company would gradually turn worse, but also the company culture and the quality of the organizational behavior. Finally, being ruled by the government, an organization can possibly lose the track of the updates on the company data, which will definitely lead to the organization’s rapid decay. The last, but definitely not the least argument concerns personal freedom. Even though the state control over entrepreneurships might be viewed as the means to make certain that the state economy is going in the right direction, it must be admitted that the unceasing manipulation of private companies by the government can be regarded as the infringement of people’s rights to run their own business. It would be wrong, however, to claim that the government must not interfere into the state economy under any circumstances. While in the realm of reasonable competition and great financial assets of the country, private entrepreneurship will most likely flourish even in the foreign market, combining their own advantages with the support that the state gives them, in the crisis environment, private enterprises will need considerable help. At this point, the government should provide businesses with financial, economic and moral support for them to feel safe even in such critical situation. Therefore, the positive aspects of government interfering the economic affairs of the state enterprises is that in cases of crises, government helps find the ways to deal with the crisis faster, offering at the same time financial support. In case of a crisis, there are three basic steps that the government can take to help entrepreneurships, including cutting taxes, providing the growth of money supply and making the interest rates rise. Though cutting taxes might lead to the problems regarding free state services, for example, providing free medical help (Medicare), or offering free tuit ion in public schools, together with the pension cuts, state grants and other monetary supplies. That being said, it becomes clear that the growth of money supply for the private entrepreneurships will most likely strike a fraction of the state population, who are just as vulnerable towards shifts in the state economy as private entrepreneurships. However, the changes listed above often happen to be very difficult to carry out. Since the slightest change in the governmental policy regarding a specific issue will inevitably trigger a rapid change in the related fields, the government is often quite reluctant to shape the existing policy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Government involvement in the economy: where the line between delicate care and tight control should be drawn specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, once the government takes actions, the rest of the fields in economy, politics and finances will d emand further changes. Hence, it can be concluded that the governmental impact on the economic progress of the state can be quite positive as long as the government does not impose its will on the private enterprises for them to change their strategy and shape their course of actions towards the one that the state authorities consider more reasonable. Working on the Probable Solutions: Reaching a Compromise Although the issue concerning the state control over entrepreneurship is rather complicated, it can still be solved once the owners of private enterprises, as well as the representatives of the government structures, try to find a common language and search for possible compromises. However, one issue must be made perfectly clear; on no account may private entrepreneurship be ruled by any other person than its legal owner. After the owners of private companies realize that they have the right to control their enterprise on their own, they will be able to work on a reasonable solu tion to the given issue. Among the already existing suggestions, the mixed economy should be mentioned. According to the existing definition, a mixed economy is the economic strategy that defines the role of the government as protecting public companies and preserving the private ones. It is important to keep in mind that the economical performance of a state should be defined by its GDP (Gross Domestic Product, i.e., the productivity of the companies within a particular country) and GNP (the productivity of the companies belonging to the residents of the specified country). Therefore, it is essential that private enterprises should be encouraged and not restricted by the governmental policies. Needless to say, the sphere of the governmental influence should be restricted to consulting and drawing possible plans for the further development; however, according to what Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnik say, the current American government seems to have adopted a more compromising policy tow ards private companies: â€Å"On the fiscal side, the Obama Administration asked Congress for both tax cuts and a massive ‘stimulus package’ that would boost government spending† (Gitelson, Dudley and Dubnik 395). Therefore, it is clear that compromise is achievable, yet both sides need to work on the strategy that will allow for as much flexibility as possible. Conclusion Judging by the fact that the state economy rates are predetermined by the GNP and GDP indices, which are shaped mostly by private entrepreneurships, which seem to be well aware of their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the strategies that are most likely to help them succeed both in the domestic and foreign market, it is most reasonable to allow private entrepreneurship choose their own ways of development and create marketing strategies. However, in the case of an economic or financial crisis brought on by the outside factors, the interference of the government is essential for the well-be ing of the national economy.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, it can be considered that the best strategy for any government in general and the American government in particular will be to leave the economic strategies development to the owners of the enterprises and private analysts, and appear only when there is the need to use the help of the governmental authorities specializing in economic issues. Unless private enterprises are given an opportunity for growth, the state is most likely to be stuck in the economic recession. Gitelson, Alan R., Robert L. Dudley and Melvin J. Dubnik. American Government. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print.

Critically Analyse the extent to which the militarisation of Essay

Critically Analyse the extent to which the militarisation of humanitarian assistance has affected the way in which humanitarian agencies carry out their role in conflict affected countries - Essay Example Military activities are usually politically driven, and they follow the strategies laid out by their governments. On the other hand, aid organizations operate under impartiality and neutrality, but they rely on the military for security and provisions such as transportation. This affects their impartiality and neutrality since they might engage in some politically oriented missions. In the past, NGO workers have been used to gather intelligence for the military, which affects their functionality (Weiss, 1999). The government utilizes humanitarian relief aid to woo the local residents to provide information about the militants. In Iraq and Afghanistan, this strategy has been used to gather information regarding the Taliban and Al-Qaeda militants (Aidan, 2010). Humanitarian aid can be defined as logical assistance, medical assistance, and food supplies to people caught up in a humanitarian crisis such as war or natural disaster. Several countries in the third world such as Congo, Sierra Leone, Syria, and Libya have experienced internal war due to political instability. The affected population in these regions requires protection and assistance, which is mostly provided by NGOs along military organizations such as NATO, United Nations, and African Union. Today’s conflicts disregard human life as well as the values of tolerance and human dignity, and the general population is usually targeted by warlords. The main aim of humanitarian aid is to assist every person without discrimination, respect human dignity, and pursue no other interest. In areas where the military is involved, some affected groups may be locked out due to political reasons. The military may also influence the process of aid provision depending on the cooperation by the locals. This cooperation gauged in terms of information the military receives from local residents regarding militant groups in the region. The involvement of the military in aid activities

Global Studies Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Studies Paper - Essay Example In many ways, the authors promote a type of behavioral analysis in the affairs of international law and governance, rather than the traditional abstract thought and philosophy which is used generally to mask the motivations of the agents involved. Aseem Prakash and Matthew Potosk take this methodology even further in their analysis â€Å"The International Organization for Standardization as a global governor: a club theory perspective† by examining the organizations and groups that actually control local governance through game theory and focusing on â€Å"clubs† as a means through which individuals organize for particular goals locally. (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) The authors use the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) group as a paradigmatic example of this activity and as a model of a â€Å"global governor in the area of international product and management systems standardization.† (Prakash and Potosk, 2010) In critically reviewing both articl es, it is evident that Avant, Finnemore and Sell

The U.S. government opportunity cost for fighting the Global War on Essay

The U.S. government opportunity cost for fighting the Global War on Terrorism - Essay Example (Belasco, 2007) Opportunity costs of the global war on terror are crucial because they give an insight into other alternatives that the government would have sought if they had not invested in the war. They are also a means of measuring the effect of the measured direct costs of the war. The global war on terror has had serious implications on expenditure patterns in the country owing to the fact that some local expenditure had to be foregone. This has eventually reduced the public’s perception of their well being. Additionally, the global war on terror has caused the US government to reduce the amount of expenditure that they dedicate to economic investments. For instance, the US government has had to reduce the amount they spent on construction of residential buildings. They have also reduced the expenditure on health and education within the country. Investments in fixed businesses and also in infrastructural facilities have been much lower than they were before the global war on terror. It is particularly alarming that the global war on terror has caused a reduced investment in health because this is a crucial sector of the US economy. If people within the country cannot access quality health facilities or services, then they are likely to have lower living standards. This impacts on the GDP very negatively. According to the Congressional Budget Office, the United States government has dedicated six hundred and fifty one billion dollars on the global war on terror between 2001 and 2007. It should be noted that these estimates do not incorporate what has happened this year. Additionally, many other experts assert that this is a large under estimation. In fact, they argue that these are merely direct costs. (Chernick, 2006) The Congressional budget estimates were derivatives of what the US government has spent on disability compensation, military operations, survivor benefits and medical costs. As it can

The Impact Of The Western Sahara Conflict

The Impact Of The Western Sahara Conflict The conflict in Western Sahara was a dispute between Western Sahara (Frente Polisario) and Morocco which constitutes a big threat to regional stability after decolonization in 1975 by Spanish powers. The war has caused thousands of lives, big numbers of prisoners of war on both sides and has led to Morocco constructing a huge fortified wall in Western Sahara (Lehtinen, 2003). This conflict has therefore had far reaching impacts on Polisario in terms of political, economical and cultural as here discussed. Frente Polisario is a national organization of the Western Sahara that was formed with the aim of obtaining independence for Western Sahara. The main political impact that the Western Sahara conflict had was the formation of Frente Polisario. This was a political front that advanced plights of Saharawi society. Frente Polisario was therefore charged with the responsibility of championing independence of the Sahrawi people. The conflict in the Western Sahara led to Polisarios adoption of socialist ideology in 1970s which was a common ideology at the time that was being adopted by most liberation movements in most nations. The ideology was meant to bring all Sahrawi people together as one big family and a united society to champion their independence course. In relation to Polisario political struggle for independence of Saharawi people, it has continued to champion for peaceful liberation efforts devoid of terrorists activities. For example, it denounced the 2003 bombing of Casablanca against civilians. In its quest for self independence from Morocco, it has advanced attack free liberation efforts. In addition, after the ceasefire in 1989, the movement committed itself to pursue peaceful independence route as long as the Moroccan side complied with the conditions set during the ceasefire. Further more, as a result of the persisted conflict in the Western Sahara region; Polisario signed a peace treaty that led to Mauritania assuming a neutral ground in the conflict which has been one of major political development that has given a glimpse of hope in the independence struggle of the Sahrawi people. The peace treaty has led to Morocco remaining as the sole hindrance to independence of the Saharawi people. In terms of political relationship with other states, Polisario has had collaborative relationship with foreign countries as such as Algeria. Algeria has helped it advance its course for independence struggle against Morocco. For example, it has continued to receive unconditional support from Algeria in terms of arms and training of its forces for a period panning to 30 years. This has been useful for Polisario as it has enabled it to withstand heavy attacks from the Moroccan forces. With the persistence of the conflict, in 1991, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) passed a plan that gave birth to a United Nations Mission which came to be called MINURSO. This mission was sent to Western Sahara in the same year (1991) to fulfill its mandate which included arrangement of referendum that was supposed to be held in February 1992 (International Crisis Group, 2007). However, the referendum process never took place as Morocco was opposed to referendum modalities that included process of identification of legible voters. Economical Impacts and Issues on Polisario With the Spains departure from Western Sahara in 1975, the region has undergone changed in several ways. For example, the nomadic lifestyle of the Saharawi people was altered as their main economic activity changed to mining. This became their major economic activity for their livelihood as Western Sahara was now in the top six largest phosphate exporters in the world. Abundance of phosphate and other natural minerals were among the cornerstones for Moroccos desire to control the territory. However, the economic benefits accrued from exploitation of the natural resources were for the occupying power (Morocco) but not for the indigenous Saharawi people. Every territorial conflict comes along with huge economic impacts that negatively affect the well being of the participating states. In respects to Western Sahara Conflict, actual economical costs that the conflict has caused to the region and particularly to Polisario can not be actually quantified since reliable data on the same is absent. However, there are several issues that have taken place that have impacted negatively on economic situation of Polisario. One of the significant economic impact on Polisario has been widespread planting of landmine where by numerous parts of Polisario were given up due to suspected presence of mines (International Crisis Group, 2011). The conflict in the region has also resulted to most of the Sahrawi people fleeing their homes and opting to live in refugee camps. This has resulted to overdependence of aid from the international community such as WFP by the Polisario people. In addition, life in refugee camps do not provide suitable economic environment for any significant economic activities to be undertaken and this has intensified their foreign dependency. In addition, the Polisario people being pastoralists and nomads in nature, they have been affected hugely by the conflict since their nomadic and pastoralist activities were not favored by prevalence of tensions that engulfed the disputed territory. They were again affected by the closing up of the border with Mauritania between 19979 and 2002 (International Crisis Group, 2011). The closure of the border further limited the movement of the nomad and pastoral communities of Polisario which negatively impacted their economic well being. Furthermore, fishing activities also accounted for some significant economic well being of the Polisario people. However, with the conflict in place and Morocco being stronger in terms of organization and military might, the Moroccan military took advantage of the situation and obtained fishing license of the Sahrawi people and therefore denying the Polisario people one of their key economic endeavor. Cultural Impacts and Issues on Polisario Culture dimension of the Polisario people has not been spared in the Western Sahara conflict. Before the crisis, people of various tribes constituted the group that inhabited the land. During the colonial reign of Spain, Sahrawi society and culture remained intact in the entire colonial period. However, with Moroccan annexation, the Saharawi people become a minority within their own territory (Sandblast, 2011). This was due to the Moroccan policy to Moroccanize Western Sahara. Through Moroccanization of the territory, cultural practices of Saharawi people were washed away as new way of life of the Moroccan style was instilled. The government of Morocco settled more Moroccans in the Western Sahara territory hence diluting the cultural fabric of the Polisario people. Barakat (2001) notes that Western Sahara comprised of seventy four thousand Sahrawis who were living in the territory but in the late 1990s, the total Sahrawi population is believed to have reached close to three hundred thousand. This population was infiltrated by their common adversary (Moroccans) hence diluting their cultural organization. Saharawi peoples cultural organization and set up have been greatly impaired as a result of the effects of the conflict. For example, the continued repression and denial of fundamental human rights like denial of freedom of expression by the Moroccan occupiers have negatively impacted on their cultural practices. In respect to this, their pastoralist and nomadic way of life as even their movement was greatly monitored and restrained by the Moroccans. Territorial conflict in Western Sahara has resulted to war on different occasions where by Moroccan forces have gone physical with the Polisarios counterparts. In connection to this, the armed struggle has resulted to many causalities among civilians where by families and societies of the Saharawi people have been torn apart. The effects of the struggle have been wide spread. For example, there is prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies and stigmatization which is as a result of evils committed by armed forces involved in the armed rustle. Morocco In the Western Sahara conflict, Morocco occupied the northern two thirds of the Sahara in the late 1975 and since then, it has fought against the Polisario (Barakat, 2001). The conflict has therefore been between the Polisario and the Moroccan side. The Western Sahara conflict has therefore had political, economical and cultural impacts on Morocco as a core actor in the feud. Political impacts and issues on Morocco Morocco has been impacted in two parallel ways; both negative and positive effects. Western Sahara crisis led to Morocco withdrawal from the AU in 1984 as a way of protesting against SADR admission to the AU which was one of the interested parties in the conflict. This move by Morocco tarnished its image on the international platform since it was viewed as an illegal occupying power in the disputed territory. In addition, foreign relations of Morocco and other states suffered a blow. For example, its relations with Algeria were negatively affected as Morocco perceived Algeria to be in support of the Polisario whom Morocco considered as their subjects. Furthermore, international tensions between states have also been heightened as a result of the persisted conflict. For instance, it has impaired relationship between France and Algeria. France defends Morocco in the conflict and against Polisario while Algeria remains one to main supporter of Polisario for its independence (Norway Bergen, 2010). Moreover, Morocco has successfully ensured that referendum is intentionally delayed. Morocco disregard of referendum in Western Sahara region is in view to continue with the territorys occupation. Referendum was a resolution that was adopted by UN as a way of ending the crisis amicably but Morocco has adopted a delaying tactics by disagreeing on the formula of conducting the referendum process. Furthermore, Morocco has successful gained the support of the United States over the stand off. US support of Morocco is guided by the fact that Morocco is a key ally of the US in the Arab world (Zoubir, 2010). Although America is not opposed to the Western Sahara independence, the geopolitical consideration and particularly strategic significance of Morocco in the Arab world and it long time historical cooperation with America especial in counter terrorism war and Israel-Palestinian conflict has been the guiding principle for continued support by the US to Morocco over the entire period of the conflict. Moreover, Moroccos back up from major world super powers have been one of the reasons why the conflict has persisted for too long. France also considers Western Sahara as an integral part of Morocco and they have continued to show their opposition to independent sate of Western Sahara (Haddadi, 2002). France has therefore believed that independence of Sahrawi will make them fall under influence and control of Algeria. In addition, France also considered independence of Western Sahara as a way of weakening Moroccan kingdom in which France has vested economic, political, cultural and military interests. This was a political mileage to Morocco in terms of occupation and control of the Western Sahara since it was assured of the support of major world powers in the crisis. However, this has been one of the reasons for Moroccos disregard of several UN resolutions including frustration of referendum exercise which was planned to take place but under played by Morocco for its own partisan interests in the conflict. Furthermore, morocco image in Africa has greatly been damaged as its being seen as an occupying power. Consequently, it has AU. In addition, its ties with other African countries continued to suffer a blow, for example, South Africa cut links with Morocco in 2004 as a result of Moroccos disregard of the Baker plan (International Crisis Group, 2011). Morocco has been at the central stage of all political happenings in Western Sahara crisis. For example, its invasion of August 1979 to Western Sahara region led to adoption of General Assembly resolutions 34/37 of 21 November 1979 and 35/19 of 11 November 1980 where by the General Assembly reaffirmed inalienable right of the Saharawi people to self independence (Gillespie, 2010). This however deepened the problem as there was continued colonization of the region by Morocco. Moreover, Morocco reiterated that in forthcoming negotiation over the disputed territory of Western Sahara, it will not accept anything other than its own proposal. This stand came as a result of winning support of major superpowers like the US and France. The support therefore complicated the already worse situation since on the other hand, Polisario was not ready to tame down their quest for self independence. France and US support of Morocco in the crisis only fueled the conflict instead of helping resolve it. This has resulted to many occasions where Moroccos refused to deliberate on Saharawis proposals and has even gone a head to disregard UN resolution of negotiations without setting some pre-conditions (Darbouche Zoubir, 2008). In addition, as a result of persisted conflict in the region, and with Morocco and Algeria supporting different stands of the conflict, their borders were closed in August 1994 (Zoubir, 2010). This was followed with strained relationship between the two countries as the both have partisan interests in the Western Sahara region. The closure of the border between these two states signified strained foreign relations that existed among countries in the region. With the continued and persisted conflict in the region, Saharawi People have continued with active peaceful resistance against Moroccos occupation. This has been successful in alerting the international community of human rights issues that the Saharawi people are going through in the struggle (Zoubor, 2010). Actions such as hunger strikes have triggered international attention to the Polisarios situation and as a result a personal envoy to the UN Secretary General asked the UN Security Council to include a human rights monitoring body in the region in order to check on human rights violation being practiced by the Moroccan authorities (Cavatorta, Chari Kritzunger, 2006). Furthermore, the continued crisis in the region has given Morocco some of the super powers acclaim in the conflict due to its geopolitical relevance in the region. For instance, it has been recognized by France, US and Spain as legitimate occupying power of the Western Sahara territory. This geopolitical factor has been the major hindrance for the resolution of the stand off since Morocco has refused to lessen its stand after this assurance of support and it is only prepared to accept a resolution that identifies the territory to be within its sovereignty. Economical Impacts and Issues on Morocco Territorial conflicts in any crisis are usually an expensive affair to participating parties and it usually impacts negatively to economical well being of the states concerned. To Morocco, the economic costs of staying in Western Sahara remains high (Cordesman, 2002: 105). This comes as a result of huge spending on military facilities used in the war especially if the conflict prolongs. In relation to Western Sahara conflict, the war has spanned over beyond three decades and as a core participator, Morocco has spent a lot of resources in the territory in order to have a grip of the region. The major cause and persistence of the Western Sahara conflict have been the desire to control natural resources that are found in the territory. Morocco has continually cooperated with other foreign states to have control and exploit these resources by denying Western Sahara their outright self independence. This therefore implied that Morocco benefits from rich mineral resources of Western Sahara which include phosphate reserves, iron, oil and methane gas. Despite oppression of Saharawi by Morocco, it has continued to benefit crisis and has had a continued advance of its economic agenda. In addition, Morocco considers all resources that it has spent in Western Sahara as an investment. However, since the inception of the crisis, there has been drastic increase in security costs. About a half of the Moroccos Military budget is devoted to Morocco in its attempt to keep the region under its control. This has at times strained it economic spending on military issue in the Western Sahara at the expense of other constructive development agenda. Furthermore, apart from military spending, Morocco has intensively engaged in infrastructural development of the Western Sahara. For instance, over the passed 30 years, Morocco has invested more than 2.4 billion dollars in basic infrastructure that included airports, sea ports and a 10, 000 kilometers of road (International Crisis Group, 2011). However, despite Moroccos occupation of the territory, Moroccans have remained critical of the developments in Western Sahara since they view the move by the Moroccan authorities as an attempt to derail development in other parts of their country in the name of Western Sahara occupation. In addition, the closure of the Morocco Algeria border by Algerian authorities was detrimental to economic stability of Morocco. This closure affected the economic life of the city of Oujda that heavily depended on trade and tourism from Algeria (Cavatorta, Chari, Kritzunger, 2006). These tourism activities have been one of the major economic activities that had boosted the region in its development agenda. Morocco pleaded for reopening of the border by Algeria but Algeria remained adamant in demand for Morocco to honor self independence of Western Sahara. Furthermore, the continued tension between Morocco and Algeria due to Morocco continued occupation of Western Sahara region has led to arms race between these two countries in show of power and mighty. However, arms race is costly and each country is forced to spend significant portion of its national income in acquisition of the arms at the expense of other important development issues. This has in most cases led to stagnation of other crucial development projects especially to Morocco which is sacrificing everything in order to have control of the Western Sahara territory. Cultural Impacts and Issues on Morocco Moroccos occupation of the Western Sahara territory has at time impacted negatively to its cultural well being. For example, Moroccan authorities occupying Western Sahara have used the region as the transit point of illegal trade such as drugs and arms hence going against the cultural fabric of the Moroccan society (Boussaid, 2009). However, trafficking seems to be on increase and it is likely to in place as long as the conflict continues. In addition, with continued occupation of Western Sahara by Morocco and considerable huge investment in the territory at expense of Morocco, developments, a gap already exists where slums have mushroomed in some parts of Morocco. This has generally affected cultural well being of the Moroccan people and most of their needs are never addressed by the authority. Slum life have therefore formed part of most Moroccan population as most live as destitute in their own country. Algeria Algeria has been an active participant in the Western Sahara conflict where by it has continued to support Polisario for its independence in Western Sahara conflict against the wish of Morocco. Algeria and Morocco have since then taken their battlefield to the UN where each seeks to convince the international community of their positions over Western Sahara. However, like other interested parties in the conflict, there have been several impacts to Algeria in terms of political, economical and cultural to its well being. Political impacts and issues on Algeria Algeria has taken Morocco on task by advancing a political war in the UN where it has tried to convince the UN of legitimacy of their stand. On other hand, there has been continued lack of initiative by the Moroccan side to support their position in the UN. However, Algeria has continued to advance their course in the stand off by offering several resolutions in the UN platform. Algeria has maintained no territorial claim on Western Sahara conflict, it has continued to support Polisarios course for self determination through diplomatic means (Mundy, 2010). Important to note is that the Western Sahara conflict was already in place during the cold war period. Morocco was pro Western powers since it was a key ally of France and US. Since Algeria and Morocco were two protagonists in the Western Sahara conflict, Algeria opted for the eastern block where it became an ally of Moscow in the region. In respect to this, the continued conflict in the Western Sahara has continued to exacerbate strained relationship between Morocco and Algeria. In addition, the Western Sahara conflict strained relationship of Algeria with other states and in particular, its diplomatic relationship. Major world super powers had their own interests in the regions conflict. For example, US, France and Spain believed that Western Sahara self governance could make Morocco unstable and therefore they were always in opposition to Algerias stand on push for Western Sahara independence. Economical impacts and issues on Algeria Economic impacts on part of Algeria participation in the Western Sahara conflict are quite evident from its central role in the conflict. It is widely assumed that Algeria foots most of the bill for Polisarios international diplomatic efforts and it has generously contributed to the humanitarian needs of the refugees near Tindouf (Mundy, 2010). This means that Algeria has spend hundreds of millions in the Western Sahara conflict which would have been utilized in other development projects in the country such as infrastructural improvement. In addition, Algeria has continued to support Polisario and SADR in military aid, for instance, it provided weapons support against their fierce opponent (Morocco). The military support has been intensive and have had huge economic implications since their development program has been greatly compromised to the support for the quest of Western Sahara self governance. Algeria also faced a major economical blow when it failed to take the advantage of the Gara Djebilet iron reserves as long as the Western Sahara Conflict is still in place and as long as the tension with Moroccoo remains unresolved (Mundy, 2010). This was an economic set back to Algeria because of its stand that it had taken in the conflict. The stand off denied Algeria possible exploitations of the iron reserves that could have seen it advance more in their economic performance. Furthermore, Algeria and Morocco are the two major warring parties in the conflict and they both belong to the Maghreb Union. The Western Sahara conflict has therefore had massive economic impacts in the region since it has hindered positive regional development. The conflict have even gone a head and threatened the existence of Maghreb Union since key union members hold partisan interest in the conflict and are ever suspicious of one another. The loss of earnings due to the Arab Maghreb Unions failure is on the order of 2 percent of the average annual GDP for member countries (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania) (International Crisis Group, 2007). Cultural Impacts and Issues on Algeria The Western Sahara conflict has impacted heavily on Algeria in its cultural set up. For example, as a result of persisted conflict, Algeria has been the biggest refugee host of the Saharawi people. Refugees started streaming from Western Sahara in 1975 when the conflict broke out between Morocco and Polisario and by 1976; the government of Algeria estimated 165,000 refugees of Saharawi origin that it had hosted (UNHCR, 2010). This has resulted to humanitarian crisis that puts pressure to social amenities. Since the outbreak of the conflict and forced settlement in Tindouf, Algeria women have been forced to assume complete management of these refugee camps which are taken as their homes. This is contrary to their normal way of life and in regard with their cultural practices where men are supposed to assume leadership roles of their families. In addition, the long term exile life experienced by women and neglect by international community has a great impact to the Saharawi people and Algeria as a host country. Algeria continues to serve as a point of transit for refugees. However, there have been reported cases of human smuggling in the process of handling the refugees from Western Sahara territory. There are groups in Algeria that have taken advantage of the Saharawis plight in the present crisis as they smuggle them. This have hence intensified human trafficking problem that has been reported by UNHCR in the refugee camps. Spain Spain is the former colonial power that had occupied Western Sahara. With increasing consensus that colonized states should be given their own self independence, Spain later recognized this right as decolonization process was gaining momentum in the international politics. Morocco which is the current occupant of Western Sahara was indeed of the crusaders for decolonization of Western Sahara. Political impacts and issues on Spain As a former colonial master to Western Sahara, Spain have great political impacts and issues as a result of the conflicts persistence in Western Sahara territory. It bears a huge responsibility on continued crisis that stands unresolved in the region. For instance, instead of honoring its initial commitment of self governance of the people of Western Sahara as it initially intended in its decolonization process, it has continually collaborated with Morocco and Mauritania where by in November 14, 1975, it entered into accord with these countries that allowed them to invade Western Sahara that led to its occupation and division (Bolton, 2007,). As a former colonial master that had already accepted to grant self independence to its former colony, Spain was charged with the responsibility of guarding independence of Western Sahara but it went contrary to the agreement and instead allowed African countries to replace it as colonial masters in its former colony. This has therefore led to persistence of Western Sahara colonization by Morocco which has exacerbated Western Sahara plights. Polisario was therefore forced to continue with the struggle for independence under an African colony. Spain has continued to support Morocco for its occupation of the Western Sahara territory and it has recognized Moroccos occupation as legitimate. However, in the international deliberations, it pretends to support self independence of Saharawi people. This has since the commencement of the conflict portrayed Spain as a power with no reliable stand in Western Sahara crisis which has led to loss of its credibility on the issue. Economical impacts and issues on Spain Before Western Sahara conflict with Morocco, Spain was the legitimate occupier of the territory where it benefited from its huge natural resource base. For example, Spain exploited Western Sahara fishing sector during its colonial reign and even after its decolonization, it continued to benefit from the economic activities since it signed a pact with Morocco supporting its occupation. Crisis in Western Sahara nationalism ranges back during the colonial times by the Spanish. It is during the Spanish rule in the region that Polisario movement was formed as a nationalist movement to advance self independence of the Western Sahara region. The Saharawi movement has therefore continued to fight for their self governance in the present Morocco colonization. Spain has also continued to enjoy from phosphate resources that are found in plenty in the region both during their colonial period and even in the Moroccan occupation as they are in agreement with Morocco. Cultural Impacts and Issues on Spain Spain has continued to incline to Morocco instead of supporting the independence of the Saharawi people; it destroyed good moral ties that existed between the Spanish people and the Saharawi population. Morally, the Spanish had ethical responsibility of safeguarding Western Sahara as a former colony by ensuring that another power does not occupy it after it surrender. This was not the case as Spain went a head and supported Morocco and Mauritania for their occupation. This was not a proper moral standard that was undertaken by former colonial masters and therefore, it was a breach of its moral obligations. Spain has had close cultural and colonial ties with Western Sahara, the solidarity and human right group of Spain have actively demanded that the government of Spain pressure Morocco to hold its obligation to international law (Stephan Jacob, 2008). Several activists who support Saharawi have staged several demonstrations in protests of inhumane acts and repression that have been committed to Saharawi people. During numerous protests that they have engaged in, the Spanish Human Rights League have come clear on the issues and condemned Morocco and its allies including Spain for violation of Saharawis fundamental human rights which include freedom of assembly and free speech in Western Sahara. The failure by Spain to resolve a dispute involving its former colony and continued support of the Moroccans has portrayed Spain as a power that disregards human rights. UN has initiated several initiatives to try and settle the Western Sahara crisis which has turned into a human crisis as a result of increased refugees that have seen most of Saharawi people living as displaced people in other country. Mauritania Mauritania in the Western Sahara conflict was allied to Morocco. However, the country experienced a military putsch that drove out president Moktar Daddah due to the position that he had taken over the Western Sahara conflict (Bolton, 2007). This has subsequently forced the country into a tricky balancing move and it has since then embraced neutrality over the conflict. Political impacts and issues on Mauritania Mauritania has suffered great impacts from the Western Sahara conflict since its political leadership was reshaped as a result of the conflict. Initially, President Moktar Daddah was in support of the Moroccan side of the conflict. However, this was in contrary to the wish and will of many Mauritania nationals and thus a military putsch was taken against him which saw regime change in the Mauritania political landscape. In relation to this, the incoming government sought to assume a central position in the conflict and withdraw completely from the Western Sahara war. After Mauritania withdrawal from the war, it persuaded Morocco in considering withdrawal from Western Sahara and grant it self independence. In connection to this, during the OAU (presently AU) in 1981, King Hassan II of Morocco accepted the principle of self determination and even pledged his will to support a referendum exercise that could determine independence of Western Sahara (Amirah, 2008). Consequently, Mauritania signed a peace treaty with Polisario in Algeria in 1979 5th August and condemned the war. This also led to its denouncement of territorial occupations in Western Sahara. The move taken by Mauritania gave a glimpse of hope to the struggle of Western Sahara people as the only remaining occupying force in the region was Morocco and therefore its advances could not be that strong compared to the

The Importance of Winning Essay -- Personal Narrative

The Importance of Winning There is an old saying â€Å" It doesn’t matter if you win or lose, it’s how you play the game.† How true is this? Can this be applied to all situations in life? This may be pertinent to children in schools who participate in trivial events such as sports, for example. However, with these types of ideas we are saying that losing is fine. Consequently, youths are goaded to contend with the ideas of being losers and also-rans. In events such as sports, politics, and even war, the old saying should be paraphrased to â€Å"It does matter if you win or lose and how you win.† Winning or losing can be a matter of life and death. Today’s professional sports players are so responsible for the team that they know they have to play at their best, with one hundred percent effort. Otherwise, the consequences are some times fatal for the fans and players as well. For instance, at the U.S. Soccer World Cup of 1994, the national team of Colombia was playing against the U.S. to qualify for the second round. One defender from the Colombian team, Andres Escobar Gomez, in an effort to kick the ball out of the terrain, accidentally kicked it into the goal of his team. The opposite team jeered the auto-goal because the victory for the U.S. was eminent. The Colombian fans were so angry that when the team went back to Colombia, the soccer player who scored the auto-goal was murdered two days later by radical fans. This is just a tragic example of how important it is to win. ...

My Favorite Deserts

ENGLISH COMP. 2. ASSIGN 2| A Description| | A description about my favorite desserts. | | Mrs. Mirelle Jayawardene| 3/10/2013| | My Favorite Desserts Everybody has their favorite games, cars and meals. Also everyone has their desserts and I have mine. All my favorite desserts have one thing in common they all are made with one ingredient that is â€Å"Chocolate†. Mmm!! Chocolate Desserts! I honestly believe that chocolate is the closest we can get to heaven as mortals, seriously. Is there anything better than chocolate to make you feel all wonderful and gooey inside?Can anything cheer you up as instantly as chocolate desserts can? If you’re like me, you are going to love these Best Chocolate Desserts as well as the mouth-watering pictures of the amazing treats. So, what are we waiting for? Let’s dig in! Chocolate Decadence Cake Inspired by the old-school, ultra-rich, mousse like chocolate cake that usually called for a whole pound of chocolate, half a dozen eggs and lots of butter, here is an enlightened rendition with deep bittersweet chocolate flavor and that dense melt-in-your-mouth texture so characteristic of the genre. No one will guess it’s healthier.The secret is excellent natural cocoa powder and good-quality bittersweet chocolate, preferably with 70% cacao. Although the cake can be eaten once it’s completely cool, it comes out of the pan much easier and even tastes better if it has been chilled at least overnight. Frozen Chocolate-Covered Cappuccino Crunch Cake This cake is unbelievably awesome, delicious and easy to make and versatile; you can actually use other flavors to make it more appealing to those who are not coffee-lovers. Cappuccino Crunch Cake combines coffee ice cream, pound cake and NESTLE ® TOLL HOUSE ® Milk Chocolate Morsels for a rich and creamy frozen dessert!This dessert was created by Beth Royals of Richmond, VA. Simply Rich Chocolate Syrup This is not your average chocolate syrup, with its dee p, rich and smooth chocolate flavor; the perfect treats for sweet fresh fruits, or to use for the topping of your favorite ice cream or dessert. Cinnamon Chocolate Pudding Chocolate and cinnamon has always been the perfect and a winning combination for any dessert. Cinnamon adds more warmth and deep scent to this special treat and this is one of the best flavors that a chocolate-lover can dream of because of its richness and creamy texture which is intensified by the whipped cream or any milk.Chocolate Banana Cream Pie The flavors complemented each other beautifully. The banana and chocolate -– a classic combo -– but brought to another level of interesting with the addition of the salted caramel, which also played nicely with the buttery graham cracker crumbs. Cool, creamy, sweet, and just so delicious. Chocolate Hazelnut Terrine with Raspberry Sauce This elegant dessert is a chocolate-lovers’ dream served in a pool of ruby-red raspberry sauce. Either made with hazelnut liquor, this will surely become a big hit because of its sweet taste.The good thing is you can make some changes. Instead of using heavy cream you can use whipped fat-free evaporated milk blended. For chocolate, you can substitute Dutch cocoa and cocoa white baking chocolate bar. Chocolate â€Å"Buried Treasure† Bars You will find sweet delight in every bite in this chocolate buried treasure bars, with layered almonds, dried berries and morsels; these bars are worth craving for. The combination of this bar will positively wow you’re lucky guests who have the golden opportunity to taste this fantastic chocolate treat.In all these wonderful pictures that have been displayed above lies a wonderful, mouth watering and breath taking taste that I have had the pleasure of indulging in. I have tasted these wonderful treats mainly when I was on vacation in different countries and different cities. There are many more wonderful delicious treats that I have not mentioned and the reason for that is, those delicious desserts had no real description, because I could not describe them. They are indescribable; there taste was so sweet and tender that my taste buds could not control themselves.I have been too many countries, seen many cities and tasted many desserts enough to know that the desserts I have mentioned above are for me the top 7 that I will always want to taste just one more time. Desserts are described as a sweet, delicious conclude to a wonderful meal that brings you to utter the words â€Å"Delicious†. My dreams vary from entertaining people, discovering and studying history and as of my last vacation that solidified my professional like taste buds; my new dream is to travel the world tasting all the delicious desserts.

A Need For Welfare Essays - Welfare Economics, Free Essays

A Need For Welfare Essays - Welfare Economics, Free Essays A Need For Welfare A Need for Welfare Theres an old joke that asked, Where do you find a welfare recipients check? Under his work boots of course (Armitage 45). For a long time now, since the accomplished formation of a stable government, the U.S government has had the programs and passed laws that either dealt with issues of or influenced family. Many of these family programs and laws currently in place today are frequently and commonly debated. One of the most debated and most labored over family programs or laws is welfare. The argument is, whether or not to, how welfare should be cut or minimized. The debate is simple enough, but the argument on welfares benefits and drawbacks is not. On the pro side of the argument, on which I stand, welfare aids poor families as well as the economy and may help to reduce crime. Welfares benefits far out weigh its drawbacks even though many abolitionist thrash at the idea day in and day out. Welfare generally helps poor families survive in todays economy by providing a means for the m to obtain food while they search for employment. These families receive food stamps, to purchase food, and a small amount of dollars to aid with either rent or utilities. Because of this income from welfare, crime is may be reduced. This is because there is now a minimal amount of income so the poor no longer have the need to go out and commit crimes to attain such money. Welfare also aids in improving the economy because the children of these families can afford to go to school and have a chance to make someone of themselves. Instead of enrolling in welfare themselves, they will learn the value of the true dollar and in the future they will make their own contributions back to the economy and will be tax paying citizens. Taking this to mind, welfare is a program that is an essential part of the United States both socially and economically. Bibliography Applewhite, Alonzo S. Homeless Veterans: Perspectives on Social Services Use. Social Work 44.5 (1999)

Review of Social Performance of Coca Cola Essays

Review of Social Performance of Coca Cola Essays Review of Social Performance of Coca Cola Essay Review of Social Performance of Coca Cola Essay Most businesses primary focus is to make profits and staying ahead of their competitors. However, they need to take Into account their responsibility to the other end of the group In the society and stakeholders. The number of consumer who take Into account of the company social performance is steadily growing and it is an important aspect for companies to keep this in mind when conducting the nature of their business. This paper will discuss and review about Coca Cola Social performance both in its positive and negative light. Since 2005, Coca Cola Environmental Performance Measures Report showed that Coca Cola had a 5% reduction in energy use, 4% reduction in the water use, 3% deduction In solid waste and 3% Increase In recycling and the number predicted are going to rise In the future (Coca-Cola environmental performance Improves 2005). Coca Cola had launched a programmer called Live positively (Coca Cola n. D. ). This programmer emphasis on both taking care of the planet and helping the community. Recycling Programmer, conservation of water and climate protection are their main focus on environment. Evidence to support this is the recent partnership between Coca Cola and SAID (Businesslike 2010). On March 22 2010, Coca Cola Company announced that they will further Invest $12. Million USED In their global partnership (Businesslike 2010). WAD Is established by Coca Cola and SAID in order to tackle the scarcity and degrading of water in 22 countries such as Africa,Middle East and South East Asia (Businesslike 2010). They had helped 300,000 people of the worlds poor so far in gaining access to sources of water health and livelihood (Businesslike 2010). Coca Cola further state their social obligation to the environment by giving support to the WFM Earth Hour (Businesslike 2010). Switch off Campaign Is a campaign launched by Coca Cola for their employee to articulate in the worldwide events to participate in the Earth Hour activities (Businesslike 2010). Another partnership that Coca Cola participate in is with united Resource Recovery Corp.. (Suppurating Herald -Journal 2009). They created a campaign which is called recycle which focuses on providing recycling bins and supplies to schools and other places within the community (Suppurating Herald Journal 2009). This campaign promotes recycling In the community and It had successfully collected a total of 240,743 bottles since It first launched In December 2008 (Suppurating Herald -Journal 2009). In relations to the society and community, Coca Cola had recently partners with Special Olympics to host the first ever Unity Cup (Food Weekly News 2010). The main objective of this event is to support the Special Olympics athletes and to facilitate acceptance for people that have disabilities both mentally and physically (Food Weekly News 2010). Scholarship is Delve trotter Trot coca cola tongue ten coca cola Automaton (Cloud 2 focuses on building education for students of all different ages and since 1986, they have awarded more than $53 Million USED in Scholarship (Businesslike 2010) . By doing this, Coca Cola help students who had problems with funds or in need of help to continue their studies. The recent Haiti earthquake had also further moved Coca Cola social responsibility into helping the victims. On March 31 2010, Coca Cola announced that they will be investing $7. 5 Million USED in boosting the Haiti Hope Project in order to help 25,000 Mango Farmers in Haiti ( Businesslike 2010). This project which is going to last for 5 years, intended to double the income of these farmers and to raise their standard way of living, while at the same time also intriguing to the long-term development and revitalization of Haiti (Businesslike 2010). Furthermore, Coca Cola foundation also had donated $1 Million USED to the American Red Cross for their aid in Haiti disaster (Coca Cola 2010). Coca Cola had also stopped financing animal research to test their products (Goodman 2007). People for the Ethical Treatment scrutiny Coca Cola for their animal testing practices and Coca Cola had responded to this by issuing a statement stating that they had stopped using animal testing as to test their products and urges their partners to find alternatives for testing their products (Goodman 2007). In terms of the stakeholders, Coca Cola had secure the stakeholder position in the company as further supported by the Golden Peacock Award for Corporate Social Responsibility (Computers, Networks Communications 2008). Coca Cola managed to won the award edging its competitors from 46 other global companies in terms of integrating their Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability (CARS) into its business strategy, the responsiveness to their stakeholders needs and finally the development of its partnership in fulfilling their social responsibility (Computers, Networks Communication 2008). Coca Cola also always try to aim for improvement. With their new chief executive Terry Davis on the helm, they managed to increase the shares by 5% and the numbers is predicted to be increasing by 10% annually (The Daily Telegraph 2001). All this factors had made a positive impact on the the society and its stakeholders. The constant increase in shares and the actions that Coca Cola had undertaken to fulfill their social responsibility have made a positive impact on stakeholders. Despite all the positive impact on the society and stakeholders, Coca Cola too also had some issues in their field of business. The biggest one being the massive violation rights in Columbia which involves murder, torture and kidnapping of Union leaders by thugs that collaborate with Cokes bottlers (Rogers 2004). In July 2001, a filmiest is issued to Coca Cola on behalf of SENATORIAL to force Coca Cola to prevent further bloodshed and in turn providing a safer working condition and environment (Kilocycle 2010). However, the case suffered some setbacks due to the lack of evidence and the complex chain of relationship within the Coca Cola company (Wolf 2009). This is then followed by the statement issued by Coca Cola which later en published on their main websites indicating that they are not at fault for the case in Columbia and stated that they had always provide a safe working environment and against the idea of violence and child labor (Coca Cola 2006). Recent pollution caused by Coca Cola in India had further brought Coca Cola social responsibility to light yet again (Kumar 2010). Coca Cola is issued with a $47 Million USED Tine Tort Managing ten water Ana solo In ten southern Animal village (Kumar 2010). The plant closed a couple of years after the village council decided not to renew its license (Kumar 2010). This issue thus in turn rises the stakeholders concern of Coca Cola social responsibility (Survived 2007). Other cases such as in Mexico in 2002 where Coke is involved in engaging in anti-competitive practices such as having an agreement exclusively with the small convenience stores and grocery stores (Rogers 2004). Other cases such as the major chemical leaks of 2 plants, air pollutions and electrical accidents in January 2000 , further dent Coca Cola record on safety (Rogers 2004). With all of the above factors combined, the social performance of Coca Cola can be said to have a mixed evaluation. Their actions towards the society and stakeholders have had both positive and negative impact. The question thus remains as to whether they had done enough to fulfill their obligations to the society and stakeholders level of expectations.