Biography of Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Supreme Court Justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg (born Joan Ruth Bader on March 15, 1933) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. She was first appointed to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1980 by President Jimmy Carter, then to the Supreme Court by President Bill Clinton in 1993, taking the oath of office on August 10, 1993. After former Justice Sandra Day OConnor, Ginsburg is the second-ever female justice to be confirmed to the court. Along with justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, she is one of only four female justices ever to be confirmed. Fast Facts: Ruth Bader Ginsburg Full Name: Joan Ruth Bader GinsburgNickname: The Notorious RBGOccupation: Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United StatesBorn: March 15, 1933 in Brooklyn, New YorkParents’ Names: Nathan Bader and Celia Amster BaderSpouse: Martin D. Ginsburg (deceased 2010)Children: Jane C. Ginsburg (born 1955) and James S. Ginsburg (born 1965)Education: Cornell University, Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi, B.A. in government 1954; Harvard Law School (1956-58); Columbia Law School, LL.B. (J.D.) 1959Published Works: Harvard Law Review Columbia Law Review â€Å"Civil Procedure in Sweden† (1965), â€Å"Text, Cases, and Materials on Sex-Based Discrimination† (1974)Key Accomplishments: First female member of the Harvard Law Review, American Bar Associations Thurgood Marshall Award (1999) Generally considered part of the court’s moderate-to-liberal wing, Ginsburgs decisions reflect her support of gender equality, workers’ rights and constitutional separation of church and state. In 1999, the American Bar Association gave her its coveted Thurgood Marshall Award for her years of advocacy for gender equality, civil rights, and social justice. Early Years and Education Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York, during the height of the Great Depression. Her father, Nathan Bader, was a furrier, and her mother, Celia Bader, worked in a clothing factory. From watching her mother forego high school in order to put her brother through college, Ginsburg gained a love for education. With the constant encouragement and help of her mother, Ginsburg excelled as a student at James Madison High School. Her mother, who had so greatly influenced her early life, died from cancer the day before her graduation ceremony. Ginsburg continued her education at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, Phi Kappa Phi at the top of her class with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government in 1954. Later the same year, she married Martin Ginsburg, a law student she met at Cornell. Soon after their marriage, the couple moved to Fort Sill, Oklahoma, where Martin was stationed as an officer in the U.S. Army Reserve. While living in Oklahoma, Ginsburg worked for the Social Security Administration, where she was demoted for being pregnant. Ginsburg put her education on hold to start a family, giving birth to her first child, Jane, in 1955. Law School In 1956, after her husband’s completion of his military service, Ginsburg enrolled at Harvard Law School as one of only nine women in a class with over 500 men. In a 2015 interview with the New York Times, Ginsburg recalls being asked by the Dean of Harvard Law, â€Å"How do you justify taking a spot from a qualified man?† Though embarrassed by the question, Ginsburg offered the tongue-in-cheek response, â€Å"My husband is a second-year law student, and it’s important for a woman to understand her husband’s work.† In 1958, Ginsburg transferred to Columbia University Law School, where she earned her Bachelor of Laws degree in 1959, tying for first in her class. Over the course of her college years, she became the first woman to be published in both the prestigious Harvard Law Review and Columbia Law Review. Early Legal Career Not even her excellent academic record made Ginsburg immune to the overt gender-based discrimination of the 1960s. In her first attempt to find work out of college, Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter refused to hire her as his law clerk because of her gender. However, aided by a forceful recommendation from her professor at Columbia, Ginsburg was hired by U.S. District Judge Edmund L. Palmieri, working as his law clerk until 1961. Offered jobs at several law firms, but dismayed by finding them always to be at a much lower salary than those offered to her male counterparts, Ginsburg chose to join the Columbia Project on International Civil Procedure. The position required her to live in Sweden while doing research for her book on Swedish Civil Procedure practices. After returning to the States in 1963, she taught at Rutgers University Law School until accepting a full professorship at Columbia University Law School in 1972. In route to becoming the first tenured female professor at Columbia, Ginsburg headed the Women’s Rights Project of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In this capacity, she argued six women’s rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court from 1973 to 1976, winning five of them and setting legal precedents that would lead to significant changes in the law as it affects women. At the same time, however, Ginsburg’s record shows that she believed the law should be â€Å"gender-blind† and ensure equal rights and protections to persons of all genders and sexual orientations. For example, one of the five cases she won while representing the ACLU dealt with a provision of the Social Security Act that treated women more favorably than men by granting certain monetary benefits to widows but not to widowers. Judicial Career: Court of Appeals and Supreme Court On April 14, 1980, President Carter nominated Ginsburg to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia. With her nomination confirmed by the Senate on June 18, 1980, she was sworn in later the same day. She served until August 9, 1993, when she was officially elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court. Ginsburg was nominated as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by President Clinton on June 14, 1993, to fill the seat vacated by the retirement of Justice Byron White. As she entered her Senate confirmation hearings, Ginsburg carried with her the American Bar Association’s Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary’s â€Å"well qualified† rating—its highest possible rating for prospective justices.  Ã‚   In her Senate Judiciary Committee hearing, Ginsburg declined to answer questions about the constitutionality of some issues on which she might have to rule as a Supreme Court justice, such as the death penalty. However, she did confirm her belief that the Constitution implied an overall right to privacy, and clearly addressed her constitutional philosophy as it applied to gender equality. The full Senate confirmed her nomination by a vote of 96 to 3 on August 3, 1993, and she was sworn in on August 10, 1993. Official Supreme Court Portrait of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Public Domain Supreme Court Record Over the course of her tenure on the Supreme Court, some of Ruth Bader Ginsburg’s written opinions and arguments during deliberations on landmark cases have reflected her lifelong advocacy for gender equality and equal rights. United States v. Virginia (1996): Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that the previously male-only Virginia Military Institute could not deny admission to women based solely on their gender.Olmstead v. L.C. (1999): In this case involving the rights of female patients confined in state mental hospitals, Ginsburg wrote the Court’s majority opinion holding that under Title II of the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), persons with mental disabilities have the right to live in the community rather than in institutions if medically and financially approved to do so.Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co. (2007): Though she voted in the minority in this case of gender-based wage discrimination, Ginsburg’s passionate dissenting opinion moved President Barack Obama to press Congress to pass the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009, overturning the Supreme Court’s 2007 ruling by making it clear that the time period allowed for the filing of proven claims of pay discrimination based on gender, race, national origin, age, religion, or disability may not be limited. As the first law signed by President Obama, a framed copy of the Lilly Ledbetter Act hangs in Justice Ginsburg’s office.Safford Unified School District v. Redding (2009): While she did not write the majority opinion, Ginsburg is credited with influencing the Court’s 8-1 ruling that a public school had violated the Fourth Amendment rights of a 13-year-old female student by ordering her to strip to her bra and underpants so that she could be searched for drugs by school authorities.Obergefell v. Hodges (2015): Ginsburg is considered to have been instrumental in influencing the Court’s 5-4 decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that ruled same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states. For years, she had shown her support for the practice by officiating same-sex marriages and by challenging arguments against it while the case was still in the appellate c ourts. Since being seated on the Court in 1993, Ginsburg has never missed a day of oral argument, even while undergoing treatment for cancer and following her husbands death. In January 2018, shortly after President Donald Trump released a list of his potential Supreme Court nominees, the then 84-year-old Ginsburg silently signaled her intent to remain on the Court by hiring a full set of law clerks through 2020. On July 29, 2018, Ginsburg stated in an interview with CNN that she planned to serve on the Court until age 90. â€Å"I’m now 85,† Ginsburg said. â€Å"My senior colleague, Justice John Paul Stevens, he stepped down when he was 90, so think I have about at least five more years.†Ã‚   Cancer Surgery (2018) On December 21, 2018, Justice Ginsburg underwent surgery for the removal of two cancerous nodules from her left lung. According to the Supreme Court press office, there â€Å"was no evidence of any remaining disease,† following the procedure performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City. â€Å"Scans performed before surgery indicated no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body. Currently, no further treatment is planned,† stated the court, adding, â€Å"Justice Ginsburg is resting comfortably and is expected to remain in the hospital for a few days.†Ã‚  The nodules were discovered during tests Ginsburg underwent in relationship to a fall that fractured three of her ribs on Nov. 7. On December 23, just two days after the surgery the Supreme Court reported that Justice Ginsburg was working from her hospital room. During the week of January 7, 2019, Ginsburg failed to attend oral arguments for the first time in her 25 years on the bench of the Supreme Court. However, the Court reported on January 11 that she would return to work and would need no further medical treatment. â€Å"Post-surgery evaluation indicates no evidence of remaining disease, and no further treatment is required,† said court spokeswoman Kathleen Arberg. â€Å"Justice Ginsburg will continue to work from home next week and will participate in the consideration and decision of the cases on the basis of the briefs and the transcripts of oral arguments. Her recovery from surgery is on track.† Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer (2019) On August 23, 2019, it was announced that Justice Ginsburg had completed three weeks of radiation treatment at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. According to the Supreme Court, the radiation therapy, conducted on an outpatient basis, began Aug. 5, after doctors found a â€Å"localized cancerous tumor† on Ginsburg’s pancreas. Doctors at Sloan Kettering stated, â€Å"The tumor was treated definitively and there is no evidence of disease elsewhere in the body.† Personal and Family Life Less than a month after she graduated from Cornell in 1954, Ruth Bader married Martin D. Ginsburg, who would later enjoy a successful career as a tax attorney. The couple had two children: a daughter Jane, born in 1955, and a son James Steven, born in 1965. Today, Jane Ginsburg is a professor at Columbia Law School and James Steven Ginsburg is the founder and president of Cedille Records, a Chicago-based classical music recording company. Ruth Bader Ginsburg now has four grandchildren. Martin Ginsburg died of complications from metastatic cancer on June 27, 2010, just four days after the couple celebrated their 56th wedding anniversary. The couple often spoke fondly of their shared parenting and income-earning marriage. Ginsburg once described Martin as â€Å"the only young man I dated who cared that I had a brain.† Martin once explained the reason for their long and successful marriage: â€Å"My wife doesnt give me any advice about cooking and I dont give her any advice about the law.† The day after her husband’s death, Ruth Bader Ginsburg was at work hearing oral arguments on the final day of the Supreme Court’s 2010 term. Quotes Ruth Bader Ginsburg is known for her memorable statements both in and out of court. â€Å"I try to teach through my opinions, through my speeches, how wrong it is to judge people on the basis of what they look like, color of their skin, whether they’re men or women.† (MSNBC interview)My mother told me two things constantly. One was to be a lady, and the other was to be independent.† (ACLU)â€Å"Women will have achieved true equality when men share with them the responsibility of bringing up the next generation.† (The Record) Finally, when asked how she would like to be remembered, Ginsburg told MSNBC, â€Å"Someone who used whatever talent she had to do her work to the very best of her ability. And to help repair tears in her society, to make things a little better through the use of whatever ability she has. To do something, as my colleague (Justice) David Souter would say, outside myself.† Sources â€Å"Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Academy of AchievementGalanes, Philip (November 14, 2015). â€Å"†Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Gloria Steinem on the Unending Fight for Womens Rights. The New York Times.Irin Carmon, Irin and Knizhnik, Shana. â€Å"Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg.† Dey Street Books (2015). ISBN-10: 0062415832Burton, Danielle (October 1, 2007). â€Å".†10 Things You Didnt Know About Ruth Bader Ginsburg US News World Report.Lewis, Neil A. (June 15, 1993). â€Å".†The Supreme Court: Woman in the News; Rejected as a Clerk, Chosen as a Justice: Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331

What s Happening Of Marriage - 884 Words

Marriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, provides possible reasons and answers to why and how today’s marriages differ from past marriages. This paper was constructed with well credible sources and numerous logos appeals. In the beginning of the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage†, NMP discusses issues about the on-going changes in marriages today. In modern day marriages, divorce is becoming more common amongst spouses, leaving the divorce rate at an all time high. NMP go es on to say, â€Å"As an institution, marriage has lost much of its legal, religious and social meaning and authority.† Some spouses still hold original martial values, but a larger quantity of couples have lost those original values of marriage. The article then switches gears and saying that â€Å"Although the divorce rate has leveled off, it remains at historically high levels.† They then go on to say that the kids of divorced parents are less likely to be divorced if they were to marry. 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Consciousness and Neuroscience Free Essays

The implications of the â€Å"Consciousness and Neuroscience † is that the neural correlates of consciousness is not enough to prove that a conscious can be cry dated. 3. Francis Crick and Christofis Koch publish on the Oxford Journal at first was m aging banter about covering scientific ground about leaving the work to philosopher RSI and that science is too young. We will write a custom essay sample on Consciousness and Neuroscience or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the concepts was replacing the visual consciousness and working on macaque monkeys. Crick and Koch agree with Ranchmen’s and Horsiest SST eating in order to eliminate hesitation, is sensible to have only one conscious interpretation of a usual scene. Through this philosophy, one of their mainsails was that Artificial Conscious requires a stream of pure decision with the delayed hesitation following in a timely man nerd and that machines at this point in time do not fulfill this requirement. 4. Consciousness and Neuroscience apply to my paper in giving counterpoint s to the possibility of whether an Artificial Consciousness could exist. It gives a lots of evidence using neural science and the anatomy of the brain and how there are plenty of sass motions that questions the Neural Correlates of Consciousness. It also questions whether t he strict structure of illicit chips could create a legal conscious or not, depending on the definition n of what a Quant, 5 conscious actually is, in their case they base their argument mainly on the Visit al Consciousness, which is indeed is one of the easier forms of consciousness to study because t he visual input are vivid, rich and highly structured but very easy to control. And whether or not an Artificial Consciousness could be created is dependent on these basic experiments. 5. Crick, Francis and Koch had related their argument of analogies between live Engines and consciousness as only an analogy to Chalmers argument, an analogy is o lay an analogy. They are trying to prove Chalmers quail wrong because the†Hard problem† is only subjective experiences that rise from the brain processes however has many questions t hat defeat the â€Å"Hard Problem. † 1. Mismatch, Steven. â€Å"Should There Be a Limit Placed on the Integration of Hum NAS and Computers and Electronic Technology? THE ETHICS OF THE COWBOY . Florida International University, n. D. Web. 03 Feb.. 2015. Http://www. Fib. Deed/-mismatch/cybernetics. HTML 2. Authors main claim is that even with bioethics, once a technology is out in p public, it cannot ever go away. This is just like squeezing a toothpaste out of the bottle, but who en you have to put it all back in you reali zed what you have done. The subclass were positive AR augments and negative consequences towards ciborium speaking of the ethics of implanted d chips and sensors into the human body. The evidence were heavily based on history such as the Wassermann barrier or the Cremation and Neanderthal past. 3. EGG, skill chip implants, cold fusion and hyper intelligence have all been intra educed to the reader and might have to be bombarded with technical terms first before the y could understand the main point of the bioethics and morals. Quant, 6 4. Sans et. Al helped me understand the morals and ethics from a different CB org point of view where they have both positive and negative outcomes when they introduce the is new technology. Listing all of the consequences is not possible, however listing the major ones are. The morals and ethics could go to my own research near the end where after I explained that creating an artificial intelligence is possible, would also explain to the readers that there are also ethical and moral boundaries to it too. 5. Bioethics relates greatly to Chalmers ‘ ‘The Puzzle of Conscious Experience† where there is a nagging quail in a synthetic brain and the possibility of inserting silicon chips into human brains. 1. Pinker, Steven. The Brain: The Mystery Of Consciousness. † Time . Time Inc. , 29 Jan. 2007. Web. Jean. 2015. Http://content. Time. Com/time/magazine/article/O,9171,1 580394, 00. HTML 2. The authors McClain is that the Conscious is a fragile temporary gift and that even though there are â€Å"easy’ and â€Å"hard† problems only that person has control to believe whether people have a conscious. Pinkie’s subclass, understanding t he consciousness allows others to see morality and interest in others and using experiences to shape our perspective s and our consciousness, support his main claim. He quotes Descartes, Freud, McGinnis, and Detente to help support his argument towards morals and practices. He also explains the bin ocular rivalry experiment which further supported his argument on consciousness. One WA arrant is if there was a afterlife and that the soul and conscious lives after the body dies, then there would be great sadness in humans and that we are just free agents taking responsibility. Quant, 7 3. Pinker also mentions the Astonishing Hypothesis, the idea that our thought s, aches, sensations and joys all consist of physiological activity inside the tissues of the brain. And it could be further controlled by Illusions from electrical stimulations. The question is who ether conscious is really controlled in the human mind and whether that could be transferred to the machine world. Would an artificial conscious mind really be fighting for control as the binocular AR rivalry theory states? Would the artificial brain be in its own illusion of control as human bra ins do or would it also have competing events for attention of the conscious? Pinkie’s ethics and ideas brings a new vision on his morality stating that the biology is much better than an unknown n immortal soul. Although understanding physiology of conscious treats human pains and scuff erring, we would also understand the interests of others and share morals. 4. Pinkies article answers many Of my questions and doubts within the aspect of control of human consciousness. He guided me through the thought process that human ins have the â€Å"Illusion of Control† in which they really do not and that relates to my point whether Ar difficult Intelligence has their own algorithm of thought processes and thought control l. Will the artificial brain put conscious effort that it is thinking more than just one thought at a it me? And also ender if a artificial conscious would believe its own lies. As scary as it would get, that would be interesting to see what would happen if an artificial conscious learned cacti ions that go against human morals and whether it could fix itself or keep with its first teachings. 5. Steven Pinker, a professor at Harvard, further argues Chalmers argument of the Easy vs. Hard problem and how the first person subjective is harder to physiologically nude restated than the easy problem presented by Freud: distinguish unconscious versus conscious comb tuition. Quant, 8 1 . Sans, Richard, Gigantic Lopez, and Julia B. Alonso. A Rationale and Vision for Machine Consciousness in Complex Controllers (n. D. ): n. Page. University Polytechnic De Madrid JIM, 2007. Web. 3 Feb.. 2015. Http://attire. Slab. Ump. Sees/documents/controlled/ASLABB2007019. PDF . The authors main claim is that building an artificial consciousness is not poss. able with their subclass being from a business perspective, making that largesse pro eject is teammate infeasible and expensive and from a technical perspective, autonomy mousey impossible. The evidence goes deep into business mademoiselles and Vim’s autonomic computing initiative in 2003. However, their warrant would be the artificial co clots project would not be possible if and only if we continue business practices in t he future. 3. The key subclass was building a modeled glassware control system, mod ling an approach to System Development, and Self functionality and implementation n. All of these were the big ideas and reasons that backed the main claim. How to cite Consciousness and Neuroscience, Papers

Citibank Performance Evaluation free essay sample

In today’s society consumers want it quick, fast, in a hurry and they are not willing to wait. Customers are becoming more demanding and critical when not having their expectations met. It is important company adjusts to the ever changing attitudes and expectation of customers in the market place. Therefore it is a must for company to satisfy their customers. Customers’ satisfaction is the key to the success of any company. James McGaran is the manager in the Financial District office at Citibank; locate in the Los Angeles area. Citibank is a niche player and pride themselves on building a profitable franchise by providing relationship banking combined with a high level of service to its customer† (Harvard Business School. 1997, pg. 1). Mr. McGaran is an exceptional manager and his performance exceeds expectations with the exception of customer satisfaction. Mr. McGaran scored â€Å"below par† on customer satisfaction. It a must Mr. McGaran take correction actions to improve customer satisfaction in his division to bring his rating above par. Describe the approach you would take in your performance feedback session with James. What would you say, in what sequence would you say it, and what information would you reference to back up what you are saying? The approach I would take in my performance feedback session with James is to conduct a one-on-ones session. I would make sure the performance feedback session is a two-way conversation. I will share my insights as well as listen. Organization goals My feedback session will begin with discussing the organization’s focus, short and long-term goals for the future. I will present James with details, information and reports that I will discuss in the meeting. I will review James job description and performance areas. James will have an opportunity to comment on his behavior and productivity. Strength I would highlight where James has exhibited exceptional work and I would like to see more examples of this level of work in the future. I would discuss with James how the company is very pleased with the job he is doing with the 31 branches and his performance has exceeded above expectations. â€Å"His financial result for the company is outstanding, with 20% above target and he has generated the highest revenue and made the greatest margin contribution to the business of any branch in the system† (Harvard Business School. 997, pg. 4). In addition, James has managed to delivered impressive financial results for four years in a row. Weakness I would explain to James I am concern about his below par in customer satisfaction. I understand his â€Å"branch is the largest and toughest branch in the division and he has demanding clientele, challenging competition and sometimes it can be difficult t o manager such a diverse set of indicators† (Harvard Business School. 1997, pg. 4). I would give James a chance to comment and voice his concern. I would discuss how valuable the customers are to the company and customer satisfaction is the key to the long term success of his division and our company future. I would also explain, I have outlined the company’s performance expectations and we missed a couple of targets. I will ask James what problem or concerns he has and what he thinks is interfering with customer services. James and I will review them together and come up with an action plan for improvement. This will ensure James that I am working with him and not against him. Career progress I would inform James his career is on the right path and the company knows he is a hard worker and he did improve his customer satisfaction rating last quarter. The company has notice and documented the changes he made in his staff, â€Å"by greeting the customer when they arrive and helping customer with problem† (Harvard Business School, 1999, pg. 4). I would let him know I am please with him taken the necessary steps by implementing meeting and coaching his employees to focus on improving customer satisfaction. Overall he has done a great job and he has a great future with the company and what is his next step to continue to improve customer satisfaction. Wrap Up I would wrap up my performance feedback by mentioning the company’s short and long-term goal. I would explain to James he has a key role in helping the company reach their goals. I would encourage James to continue to work hard at improving his performance levels. I will ensure James I will work with him. Assume that as a result of your extraordinary performance in MBA 6220, Citibank California has employed you as a consultant to improve its performance evaluation system. Using specific information from this course, what changes in their processes and procedures would you recommend? As a consultant to improve its performance evaluation system, I would recommend performance evaluation is given quarterly instead of annually. Jack Welch states, â€Å"The problems with an annual performance review are numerous. If you only do something once a year, you never get good at it. And annual reviews tend to be stressful for reviewers and reviewed alike—not just because it’s such a rare event, but because of when it occurs† (Welch, 2005). By given performance evaluation quarterly employer will have an opportunity to assess their employees’ contributions to the organization and bad behaviors can be quickly address and corrected actions can be taken to insure employees are performing at their best. The performance evaluation system that I would implement will be consistent and fair and will provide a measurement of an employees’ contribution to the workforce, appraisal documentation to protect both the employees and employer. The performance evaluation would consists of quality of work, quantity of work, work habits, attitude, job knowledge and skills, attendance, customer service skills, people skills, ability to motivate, ability to provide direction, overall communication skills, ability to build teams, ability to solve problems, rate the employee overall performance, what he/she area needs improving and recommendation. If there is a category that doesn’t’ pertain to the employee then N/A would be insert in the box. Absolute standard evaluation system I would implement the absolute standard evaluation system, because it assesses employees under different criteria and standards and no comparison is made between employees. This system evaluates the skills and achievements of the employees as well as their communication, behavior and reliability (Howard, 2010). Balanced Scorecard I will use a Balanced Scorecard as performance measures. Balanced Scorecard is â€Å"an approach that utilizes the 4 focus points of performance measurement, Customer, financial, internal process, and learning and growth perspective. The Balance Scorecard aligns business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization; helps improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals† (Balanced Scorecard Basics, 1998). By using this approach management is able to see the big picture of the overall view of the company performance. Benchmarking It is important for a company to know what their competitors are doing. I would use Benchmarking. Benchmarking allows the organization to compare itself with their competitors. 60-degree (Balanced Scorecard Basics, 1998). I would use the 360-degre feedback. 360-degree is feedback that comes from all around an employee. Feedback is provided by subordinates, peers, and supervisor. It also includes a self-assessment and, in some cases, feedback from external sources such as customer and suppliers or other interested stakeholders† (360-Degree 2011). This technique provides employees the opportunity to receive p erformance feedback from supervisor, peers, staff members, coworker and customers. It provides insights on employees’ skills and behaviors. Conclusion In conclusion the primary object for performance evaluations is to provide employers with an opportunity to assess their employees, make sure they are performing to the best of their abilities, to provide employees with feedback on what is expected of them and to ensure that goals are being met in an effective and efficient manner. That why it is important to implement a good performance evaluation. Companies must keep in mind when implementing a performance evaluation system it should be consistent and fair, and provide a measurement of an employees’ contribution to the workforce.